Fatty Acid Induced Leaking of Organic Compounds from Boletus variegatus

Abstract

Addilion of oclanoic acid (2 • 10"^ M) to the suspending medium (final pH 4.85) of Bolettt.i uariegattts mycelium induced a marked leaking of UV absorhing substances from the celts. Ttie materiat hiid an absorption maximum at 260 nm, a minimum at 240 11111, and the absorption ratios 250: 260 and 280: 260 were 0.81 and 0.49.The material released immediately after addition of the acid consisted mainly of tow molecular weight substances. These suhslances, listed according to decreasing rates of leaking, were identified as pentoses, pentose])liosphates, nucteosides, and mono-and di-uucleotides. Also, puriiie and pyriniidine bases were released at this early stage of treatment.After 90 minutes' treatment, an outflux of oligoribonucleotides was observed. Ttie oligorihonucleoUdes did not occur as single subslances, hut were forming complexes with peptides. Minor amouuls of riboniicleic acid were also leaking out from the cetls. Deoxyribose containing substances were never observed in Ihc filtrates.The compounds were subjected to euzyniatic degradation after tbey had left tlie cells. Ttiis was shown by a marked increase with time of inorganic phosphorus, pentose/pentoseiibosphates, and nucleosides in the fittrate.Ttie teaking of low molecutar weight suhstances immediately after acid addition is correlated to seriously reduced growth. However, the growth was wliolly restored after a tliree days' lag period. Ou the other hand, when considerable amounts of otigorihonucleotide peptides had been released from the cells, growth could not be re-estabtistied. i

Changes in Sapwood of Roots of Norway Spruce, Attacked by Fomes annosus

“…It has been found that fatty acids with 10 or more C-atoms cause growth inhibition and a severe leakage of nucleotides from the mycelium of Fomes annosus (Johansson, unpublished results). This is a common effect of fatty acids (Lode and Pedersen 1970).…”

Indirect selection for resistance to fusiform rust in Loblolly pine

“…as a test organism (PEDER-SEN, 1970;LODE and PEDERSEN, 1970). The authors concluded from in vitro experiments, that exogenously applied short-chain fatty acids, especially octanoic acid, rapidly interacted with lipophilic parts of the cell membranes leading to inhibition of respiration and leakage of low molecular weight compounds, such as pentoses, pentosphosphates, purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides, and mono-and dinucleotides.…”

Critical aspects of phytoalexins in potato

“…For instance, rishitin can cause membrane injuries (Lyon 1980) resembling those produced by some fatty acids (Lode and Pedersen 1970). However, very high concentrations of phytoalexins are usually required to cause such adverse reactions, and it is therefore uncertain as to whether they actually occur in nature.…”

“…The cutting procedure sets lysosomes free in the tissues, and their enzymes may degrade constituents of the cell wall (Ray 1972) (Bostock et al 1981). Their effects, however, may be nonspecific, and they probably act by interfering with the lipoid parts of the host cell membrane, thereby impairing their function (Lode and Pedersen 1970). Since these two fatty acids are also found in the cell wall of the late blight fungus, it is also possible that treatment with sonicated mycelium elicits nonspecific reactions as well.…”