Fatty acid derivatives: Important surfactants for household, cosmetic and industrial purposes

Abstract

This paper reviews selected surfactants obtained from fatty acids. Because of their indispensible properties, some of these surfactants have already been in use for a long time, whereas others, such as sucrose esters or ester sulfonates, are only beginning to be used. However, all these surfactants have in common the fact that they are highly acceptable to the environment, characterized by their skin tolerance, good biological degradability and low toxicity. With consumer awareness becoming more and more apparent, these are noteworthy properties from which we can expect that surfactants prepared from fats will increase in importance in the future.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Ascorbic Derivative: Sodium Isostearyl 2-O-L-Ascorbyl Phosphate

“…Fatty acid esters of carbohydrates have been used as surfactants by cosmetic, detergent, and food industry for a number of years (17). These compounds are typically nonionic, nontoxic, and biodegradable (18,19).…”

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Hydroquinone Derivative: Disodium <i>p</i>-Phenylene Diisostearyl Diphosphate

“…The partition between n-octanol and water is generally accepted as a suitable model for studying the affinity to cell membranes or to the corneal layer of the epidermis 11 .…”

“…Thus, chemical modification of the hydroxy groups in HQ with a lipophilic molecule is necessary for the development of an efficient transdermal hydroquinone derivative. Fatty acid esters are used as surfactants by the cosmetic, detergent, and food industries 11 . These esters are typically nonionic, nontoxic, and biodegradable 12,13 .…”

Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Amides fromPalm Olein

“…They have attracted much attention due to due to their biological activities 1) and potential industrial applications such as surfactants, lubricants, cosmetics, detergents and anti-blocking agents in the plastics processing industry [2][3][4] . Fatty amides are produced in thousands of metric tons a year from fatty acids by reaction with anhydrous ammonia at approximately 200 and 345-690 kPa 5) .…”