Fatty acid composition of lipids present in selected lichenized fungi: A chemotyping study

Abstract

The total-lipid composition of 21 lichens of the ascomycetous genera Cladonia (11) and Cladina (1) of the family Cladoniacea, Cladia (1), Parmotrema (3), Ramalina (2), Leptogium (1), Cetraria (1), and the basidiomycetous genus Dictyonema (1) was determined. Analyses of those of Dictyonema glabratum were carried out with a total extract and those obtained after successive extractions with various solvents. Each extract was partitioned between n-heptane/isopropanol and 1 M sulfuric acid, giving triglycerides (TG) in the upper phase. Extracts were methanolyzed and the resulting methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methanolyzates of TG unexpectedly contained esters of 9-oxodecanoic, 9-methyl-tetradecanoic, 6-methyl-tetradecanoic, 3-hydroxy-decanoic, nonanedioic, and decanedioic acids, as well as common fatty acids. Fatty acid methyl ester profiles from the lichens were submitted to cluster analysis, and the resulting dendogram showed a cluster consistent with Cladonia spp., suggesting an efficient aid to lichen taxonomy. The total carbohydrate content of each lipid extract was determined by a modified phenol-sulfuric acid method, which compensated for the presence of pigments.

Fatty acid composition of the tropical lichenTeloschistes flavicansand its cultivated symbionts

“…Free and combined fatty acids were extracted together and analyzed by GC‐MS according to Sassaki et al [19]. Each product (30 mg) was extracted with a CHCl 3 –MeOH mixture (2:1 v/v; 9 mL) at 80°C for 2 h, this procedure being repeated 3 times.…”

“…Each product (30 mg) was extracted with a CHCl 3 –MeOH mixture (2:1 v/v; 9 mL) at 80°C for 2 h, this procedure being repeated 3 times. For analysis of fatty acid composition, the extract (10 mg) was methanolyzed by refluxing in 3% HCl in MeOH for 2 h [19]. The resulting fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were extracted from MeOH with n ‐hexane and were analyzed by GC‐MS using a Varian model 3800 gas chromatograph linked to a Varian ion trap, model 2000R mass spectrometer.…”

Derivatization in Mass Spectrometry– 3. Alkylation (Arylation)

“…Review: Derivatization in Mass Spectrometry-Alkylation Methyl esters have been used to obtain the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles from bacteria 91 and lichens 92 by GC/MS. Methyl esters were used for the GC/MS analysis of 2-and 3-hydroxy fatty acids (without derivatization of the OH group) in the lipid extraction residue from soil, sediment and biofilm samples.…”

Characterization of surface n‐alkanes and fatty acids of the epiphytic lichen Xanthoria parietina, its photobiont a green alga Trebouxia sp., and its mycobiont, from the Jerusalem hills

“…Lichens have been described as Ôdual organismsÕ because they are symbiotic associations between two (or sometimes more) entirely different types of micro-organism: a fungus (termed the mycobiont) and a green alga or a cyanobacterium (termed the photobiont). These organisms have both algal and fungal properties [1,2] and produce n-alkane, unusual betaine ether glycerolipids [3,4], and saturated, unsaturated, branched, and halogenated fatty acids [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Many different bioactive secondary metabolites have also been isolated from lichen species [21,22], which have been used in pharmaceutical sciences [23].…”