Fatty Acid Composition of Glycerolipids of Animal Tissues

Kuksis, A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2565-9_8

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Similarly, no differences were obvious between the total lipid alkaline-stable, sphingolipid fatty acid compositions of P. carinii and the lung controls (Table 2). Furthermore, these fatty acid compositions were similar to that previously reported for rat lungs [5]. Palmitic acid was the dominant component in all cases but substantial levels of other fatty acids were also present.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Analyses of Pneumocystis Fatty Acids

Kaneshiro

Cushion

Walzer

et al. 1989

The Journal of Protozoology

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The major ester-linked fatty acids of the total lipids extracted from Pneumocystis carinii isolated from the lungs of corticosteroid-treated rats were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4. Others detected included 14:0, 16:1 and 22:4. The major sphingolipid fatty acids were 16:0, 18:0, 22:0, 24:0 and 24:1; others included 14:0, 18:1, 20:0, 23:0, 24:2 and 26:0. The total lipid fatty acid compositions of preparations from appropriate lung controls were similar to those of the organism.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Analyses of Pneumocystis Fatty Acids

Kaneshiro

Cushion

Walzer

et al. 1989

The Journal of Protozoology

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“…Calcium treatment decreases the double bond index of the fatty acyl chains, largely owing to a decrease in arachidonate (20:4), and as a consequence the fluidity decreases (126,127). These changes are ascribed to the action of endogenous phospholipase Az, which is well-known to be calcium-sensitive in the millimolar concentration range (1)(2)(3)(4) and to cleave arachidonate, which is located preferentially at the sn-2 position of the phospholipid backbone (128). Treatment of hepatocyte plasma membranes (129), human erythrocyte membranes (130), or lobster axonal membranes (130) with exogenous phospholipase A2 has also been shown to decrease the lipid fluidity.…”

Section: Hepatocyte Plasma Membrane Proteins Influence the Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidity and Function of Hepatocyte Plasma Membranes

Schachter

1984

Hepatology

232

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LIPID-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS INMEMBRANES This review considers the basic biological problem of how the lipids and proteins of hepatocyte plasma membranes interact to mediate and regulate membrane functions. The following general hypothesis, which is applicable to all natural membranes, is a suitable framework for the discussion, inasmuch as it rests on a considerable body of experimental evidence. MEMBRANE MEMBRANE PROTEINS influence LIPIDS(and the specific -(and their functions properties) mediated by them)The influence of endogenous membrane enzymes, such as phospholipases (1-4), methyltransferases (5, 6), and fatty acid desaturases (7-lo), on membrane phospholipids is well-documented. Such reactions can alter the composition and properties of the bilayer lipid environment and thereby affect the functions of those membrane proteins ("integral" proteins) which are embedded in or traverse the lipid core of the membrane. A key property of the lipids, in this regard, is the "fluidity", or general motional freedom of the lipid molecules. A growing body of evidence indicates that the fluidity of the lipid environment influences the activity of such physiologically important membrane enzymes as the (Na+ + Ka+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (11-16) and hormoneresponsive adenylate cyclase (16-20). The fluidity also modulates transmembrane transport processes (21-24) and is a determinant of the passive permeability characteristic of a given bilayer (23, 25-28).The interactions of membrane proteins and lipids implicit in the general hypothesis above could provide regulatory loops for the control of important cell functions. For example, recent evidence indicates that calcium ion

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“…The infrared spectra of both mycolates are identical and had a strong absorption band at 3020 cm-' attributable to olefinic double bond (C-H) stretching vibrations; a band characteristic of an E double bond (v = 970 cm-') was found in the infrared spectrum of none of these mycolates suggesting that all double bonds had Z configuration [22].…”

Section: Spectrometric Analyzes Of Intact Mycolatesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The occurrence of signals at 6 = 2.0 ppm and the absence of resonance at 6 = 2.8 ppm clearly indicated that the double bonds are separated by at least two methylene units [23]. In addition, the absence in the infrared spectra of a broad The ultraviolet spectra of mycolates were devoid of an absorption maximum between 205 -500 nm, confirming the absence of conjugated double bonds in the mycolates [22].…”

Section: Spectrometric Analyzes Of Intact Mycolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetraenoic and pentaenoic mycolic acids from Mycobacterium thamnopheos

Daffé

Lanéelle

Guillen

1988

European Journal of Biochemistry

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On the basis of the analysis of mycolates, the type strain of Mycobacterium thamnopheos has been considered as a member of the genus Nocardia. In a comparative study conducted on mycobacterial species we found that M . thamnopheos synthesized two types of mycolate having the same mobilities on thin-layer chromatography as those of mycobacteria, but different from nocardomycolates. Mass spectrometry analyzes showed that the major series of both types consisted of polyunsaturated mycolic acids, ranging from C72 to C7* with four or five double bonds. On pyrolytic mass spectrometry or gas chromatography, the least polar mycolates released mainly monounsaturated Cz2 esters whereas the other type yielded saturated CZ0 and C22 esters. These results suggested that M. thamnopheos might be more related to the Aurantiaca taxon than to mycobacteria and Nocardia.The permanganate-periodate oxidation products of esters obtained by pyrolysis of the least polar mycolates showed that they contained docosen-Coic and docosen-6-oic acids. Both types of mycolate esters yielded the same set of long-chain meroaldehydes on pyrolysis. These meroaldehydes were significantly distinct from those of mycobacterial mycolates in the location of the double bonds.After hydrogenation of the double bond located in the alkyl-branched chain, the two types of mycolates had the same mobility on thin-layer chromatography, indicating that the difference of migration was due to the additional double bond found in the least polar mycolates.Based on stereochemical data, the relative configuration of both mycolates was found to be threo, like that established for all mycolates studied so far.Mycolic acids are defined as high-molecular-mass aliphatic P-hydroxy acids substituted at the CI position with a long aliphatic chain [l, 21. Substances of this type are elaborated by the members of the C. M. N. group (i.e. Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia and related taxa) and are found as esters on the cell wall esterifying the murein-arabinogalactan basal layer, glycerol and trehalose. They are implicated in the acid-fastness and the waxiness of mycobacteria [3 -61.The structures of mycolic acids have been the subject of intensive studies because of the immunostimulative properties, adjuvant activity and antitumor properties of mycobacterial constituents such as trehalose mycolates and wax D (see [5]). More recently interest in mycolic acids has focused on the inhibition of their synthesis by drugs effective against tuberculosis and its causative agents as well as against other mycobacterial species [5, 7, 81. These structural analyzes revealed the complexity and the high molecular mass (60 -90 carbons) of mycolic acids synthesized by mycobacteria as compared to those of related taxa [6]. As partial characterization of mycolic acids may be made by thin-layer chromatography of mycolate methyl esters [9, 101 0; by pyrolysis gasliquid chromatography of fatty methyl esters [9, 111, both techniques have been found to be of great value in distinguishing mycobacteria...

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Fatty Acid Composition of Glycerolipids of Animal Tissues

Cited by 14 publications

References 109 publications

Analyses of Pneumocystis Fatty Acids

Analyses of Pneumocystis Fatty Acids

Fluidity and Function of Hepatocyte Plasma Membranes

Tetraenoic and pentaenoic mycolic acids from Mycobacterium thamnopheos

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