Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane lipid obtained from children suffering from kwashiorkor and marasmus

Vajreswari, Ayyalasomayajula; Narayanareddy, K.; Rao, P. Srinivasa

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(90)90118-v

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, to assess the magnitude of individual fatty acid contribution, we examined the incorporation of palmitate (C16:0) into cell mass. Palmitate is the most abundant fatty acid in both serum and in cell membranes (Kilsdonk et al, 1992; Raatz et al, 2001; Vajreswari et al, 1990). Palmitate is present at around 260 µM in FBS (Figure S3F), however this value includes both free fatty acid and esterified palmitate in lipids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells

et al. 2016

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Cells must duplicate their mass in order to proliferate. Glucose and glutamine are the major nutrients consumed by proliferating mammalian cells, but the extent to which these and other nutrients contribute to cell mass is unknown. We quantified the fraction of cell mass derived from different nutrients and find that the majority of carbon mass in cells is derived from other amino acids, which are consumed at much lower rates than glucose and glutamine. While glucose carbon has diverse fates, glutamine contributes most to protein, and this suggests that glutamine’s ability to replenish TCA cycle intermediates (anaplerosis) is primarily used for amino acid biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate that rates of nutrient consumption are indirectly associated with mass accumulation and suggest that high rates of glucose and glutamine consumption support rapid cell proliferation beyond providing carbon for biosynthesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells

et al. 2016

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“…Signi®cantly lower LA and AA values in malnourished children than in controls is a uniform ®nding in most studies, whereas plasma and erythrocyte membrane ALA values appear to be basically unaffected by PEM (Holman et al, 1981;Wolff et al, 1984;Koletzko et al, 1986;Vajreswari et al, 1990;Leichsenring et al, 1992). It is unclear whether the availability of DHA is affected: signi®cantly lower plasma phospholipid DHA values than in healthy controls were reported in Argentine (Holman et al, 1981) and Nigerian (Leichsenring et al, 1995) but not in another group of Nigerian (Koletzko et al, 1986) and in Sudanese (Leichsenring et al, 1992) malnourished children (Table 1).…”

Section: Metabolism Of Essential Fatty Acids In Malnourished Childrenmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…To complicate matters, different effects on EFA metabolism of the two major forms of PEM, kwashiorkor and marasmus were reported in some (Vajreswari et al, 1990) but not in other (Koletzko et al, 1986) studies. (Vajreswari et al, 1990 reported subnormally low erythrocyte membrane lipid AA values in marasmic children, but not in children suffering from kwashiorkor. )…”

Section: Metabolism Of Essential Fatty Acids In Malnourished Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of under- and overnutrition on essential fatty acid metabolism in childhood

1998

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Both protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and obesity represent major challenges for paediatric nutrition. The aim of this review is to summarise available data regarding the effect of PEM and obesity on the availability of essential-and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in childhood.Signi®cantly lower arachidonate (C20: 4n-6, AA) values in malnourished children than in controls is a consistent ®nding in all studies, whereas it is controversial whether the availability of docosahexaenoate (C22: 6n-3, DHA) is also affected. We found signi®cantly lower percentages (% wt/wt) of both AA and DHA in plasma phospholipids [AA: 7.0 (0.7) vs 8.7 (0.8); DHA: 0.90 (0.2) vs 2.6 (0.7), median (interquartile range), P`0.001] in severely malnourished children aged 29 (7) months than in control subjects. Product/substrate ratios indicated reduced delta-5-desaturation in children with PEM. We speculate that severely malnourished children may bene®t from enhanced dietary supply of both n-6 and n-3 LC-PUFAs.In obese adults AA has been reported to constitute a lower percentage of plasma phospholipid fatty acids, and AA supplementation of weight reduction diets has been suggested. In contrast, we found signi®cantly higher plasma phospholipid AA values [12.6 (2.4) vs 8.3 (1.4), P`0.001] in markedly obese children aged 13.8 (1.1) years than in non-obese controls. Product/substrate ratios of the delta-6-desaturase enzyme indicated enhanced conversion activity. These data suggest that obese children do not require LC-PUFA supplementation to low fat diets.The available data indicates that both PEM and obesity alter fatty acid composition of plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipids. The underlying mechanism appears to be altered activity of the bioconversion of essential fatty acids to their LC-PUFA metabolites. Sponsorship:

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“…This mechanism may explain the association between PUFA profiles and percentage total body water demonstrated in the current study, and previously advocated for the development of kwashiorkor in malnourished children 15 ,. 17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence in the published literature that the altered availability of n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA in plasma and cell phospholipid in children may occur in association with protein‐energy malnutrition, 13–17 and it has been proposed that this may contribute to the failure of water regulation and the development of kwashiorkor 15 ,. 17 , 18 In adults with Crohn's disease, the availability of PUFA may alter with increased disease activity, 19 , 20 and increases in EPA (and reductions in AA), associated with dietary fish oil supplementation, may reduce inflammatory disease activity 21 . Despite this, an association between the dietary intake of n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA, Crohn's disease activity, nutritional status and phospholipid concentrations of n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA has not been demonstrated in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential fatty acid status in paediatric Crohn's disease: relationship with disease activity and nutritional status

Trebble

Wootton

May

et al. 2003

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Summary Background: Active paediatric Crohn's disease is associated with nutritional deficiencies and altered nutrient intake. The availability of essential fatty acids (linoleic and α‐linolenic acids) or their derivatives (arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids) may alter in plasma and cell membrane phospholipid in protein‐energy malnutrition in children and in Crohn's disease in adults. Aim: To investigate the relationship of fatty acid phospholipid profiles with disease activity and nutritional status in paediatric Crohn's disease. Methods: The fatty acid (proportionate) composition of plasma and erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine was determined in 30 patients (10.3–17.0 years) stratified into active and quiescent Crohn's disease (paediatric Crohn's disease activity index) and high and low body mass (body mass index centile). Results: In plasma phosphatidylcholine, active disease activity was associated with a lower level of α‐linolenic acid compared with that in quiescent disease (P < 0.05). A body mass index below the 50th centile was associated with active Crohn's disease, low linoleic and α‐linolenic acids and high arachidonic acid (P < 0.05) in plasma phosphatidylcholine, and low α‐linolenic acid in erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine. These findings could not be explained through differences in habitual dietary fat intake. Conclusion: In paediatric Crohn's disease, a low body mass index centile and high disease activity are associated with altered profiles of essential fatty acids and their derivatives, which may reflect altered metabolic demand.

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Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane lipid obtained from children suffering from kwashiorkor and marasmus

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells

Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells

The effect of under- and overnutrition on essential fatty acid metabolism in childhood

Essential fatty acid status in paediatric Crohn's disease: relationship with disease activity and nutritional status

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