Fatty acid characterization of liver oil from shark (Centrophorus sp.) using dry rendering extraction method

Abstract

Shark liver by-product has potential to be reprocessed into valuable products. The aim of this study was to utilize byproduct of shark in West Aceh to become fish oil. The oil was extracted using an oven with different temperatures (40, 50, and 60°C) for 8 hours. The results of proximate analysis showed that the protein content was 15.71 ± 0.13%, fat was 14.70 ± 1.66%, moisture was 58.11 ± 0.57%, ash was 1.19 ± 0.006, and carbohydrate was 10.30 ± 2.12%. The yield of liver oil reached 90% and contained omega-3 fatty acids including EPA and DHA. The heavy metal residue of shark liver oil was still below the threshold set by BSN, with an exception for Cd with 0.892 ppm. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) was 34.75% with palmitic acid as the dominant. Mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content was 12.86% with oleic acid was the dominant. Poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was 17.29% with DHA as the main component. The highest yield of shark liver oil was obtained from extraction at 60°C (49.4%). The heavy metal residue of the oil was still below the threshold, except for Cu. The 50°C extraction temperature was considered as the best treatment resulting fish oil with 41.67% SFA, 14.37% MUFA, and 21.82% PUFA. Keywords: extraction, fatty acid, Shark liver by-product has potential to be reprocessed into valuable products. The aim of this study was to utilize byproduct of shark in West Aceh to become fish oil. The oil was extracted using an oven with different temperatures (40, 50, and 60°C) for 8 hours. The results of proximate analysis showed that the protein content was 15.71 ± 0.13%, fat was 14.70 ± 1.66%, moisture was 58.11 ± 0.57%, ash was 1.19 ± 0.006, and carbohydrate was 10.30 ± 2.12%. The yield of liver oil reached 90% and contained omega-3 fatty acids including EPA and DHA. The heavy metal residue of shark liver oil was still below the threshold set by BSN, with an exception for Cd with 0.892 ppm. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) was 34.75% with palmitic acid as the dominant. Mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content was 12.86% with oleic acid was the dominant. Poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was 17.29% with DHA as the main component. The highest yield of shark liver oil was obtained from extraction at 60°C (49.4%). The heavy metal residue of the oil was still below the threshold, except for Cu. The 50°C extraction temperature was considered as the best treatment resulting fish oil with 41.67% SFA, 14.37% MUFA, and 21.82% PUFA.

Stability of shark (Centrophorus sp.) liver oil rich in squalene as an immunostimulant

“…Differences in yield results influenced by the levels of fat, protein, water, and others contained in the raw materials [27]. Different extraction methods, temperatures and times will also affect the yield value [28]. [29] stated that the principle of dry rendering extraction aims to damage tissue by coagulating cell wall proteins with the result the oil was extracted.…”

Karakteristik minyak belut (Monopterus albus) asap dari Desa Barania, Kabupaten Sinjai dengan metode pengasapan berbeda

“…Figure 1 Eel oil in different smoking methods A (liquid smoked eel oil); B (cold smoked eel oil) asam lemak jenuh memiliki ikatan tunggal, sedangkan rantai hidrokarbon asam lemak tak jenuh memiliki satu atau lebih ikatan rangkap (Rozi et al, 2019). Minyak ikan mempunyai komposisi asam lemak jenuh dan tak jenuh yang sangat bervariasi yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor meliputi fase hidup, jenis kelamin, jenis ikan, tingkat kematangan/ umur, lokasi geografis, jenis makanan, dan musim (Lestari et al, 2008).…”

Extraction of Stingray Liver Oil (Dasyatis Sp) with Alkaline Digestion Method

“…Stingray liver oil is rich in fat (54%) by weight of raw materials with unsaturated fatty acid content of EPA (4%) and and DHA (16%) [4]. The most research on fish livers conducted in Indonesia is shark liver, such as banana shavings [5]- [7], bottle shavings [8], [9] Research on extraction methods for fish liver oil includes wet-rendering [10], dry rendening [11], by heating [8], extraction using the Bligh and Dyer [6], wet rendering method with temperature difference treatment [12] Steam jacket method [2] all of which aim to obtain the best quality fish oil. This study also aims to produce better quality stingray liver oil but with the alkaline digestion method with 2% NaOH concentrated reagent and HCL to maintain pH 8-9 and temperature using 50 o C.…”