Fattening Fasting: Hungry Grocery Shoppers Buy More Calories, Not More Food

Abstract

who used aspirin daily. Microscopic hematuria was identified in 3517 participants (6.2%) by means of urine microscopy. Use of low-dose aspirin was not significantly associated with hematuria: prevalence was 6.1% (258 of 4254) in aspirin users and 6.2% (3259 of 52 378) in nonusers (P=.71). Aspirin use also did not influence the degree of hematuria. The prevalence of microscopic hematuria increased with age (20-29 years, 4.1%; 30-39 years, 5.0%; 40-49 years, 5.9%; 50-59 years, 6.6%; 60-69 years, 7.8%; and Ն70 years, 9.1%; PϽ.001). After adjustment for other factors using multivariate logistic regression, aspirin use did not increase the risk of microscopic hematuria (odds ratio, 1.0 [95% CI, 0.9-1.2]; P=.79). Female sex, older age, chronic renal failure, and current smoking significantly increased the odds of having microscopic hematuria, whereas diabetes mellitus decreased the risk (eTable; http://www.jamainternalmed.com). Of those who did not have hematuria at baseline, 9199 (17.3%) underwent at least 1 follow-up screening at a median (range) of 13 (4-64) months after initial screening. At the second screening, the incidence of microscopic hematuria in these participants was 4.4% (27 of 614) in aspirin users and 4.1% (348 of 8585) in nonusers (P = .67). Among 1619 participants with microscopic hematuria at baseline who underwent a second urinalysis within 12 months, 911 (56.3%) showed persistent microscopic hematuria; these rates were not different between aspirin users (60.6% [57 of 94]) and nonusers (56.0% [854 of 1525]; P = .39). Discussion. In a large study of asymptomatic persons, we found no association of low-dose aspirin use with microscopic hematuria in either cross-sectional or longitudinal analyses. Previously, 1 study suggested that lowdose aspirin use does not increase risk of hematuria; however, it was a small study including only 69 patients. 7 Our results suggest that clinicians should use the same approach to evaluation of the causes of microscopic hematuria in persons using low-dose aspirin as in those who are not taking aspirin.

Behavioural Insights and (Un)healthy Dietary Choices: a Review of Current Evidence

“…However, hunger is only one of the many visceral factors affecting human judgement; people feeling tired are more likely to rely on heuristics and automated responses (Loewenstein 1996). Further, being in a "hot" state of impulsiveness increases the tendency to choose more rewarding food (Cameron et al 2014;Goldstone et al 2009;Tal and Wansink 2013). When in a neutral "cold" state, people generally fail to anticipate their own susceptibility to reward cues during the "hot" state.…”

Slim by design: Redirecting the accidental drivers of mindless overeating

“…The same is true when grocery shoppers are hungry. They do not buy greater quantities of food when they are hungry, they simply buy a greater proportion of less healthy, ready-to-eat foods, including breakfast cereals, cookies, crackers, and potato chips (Tal & Wansink, 2013).…”

Hunger Does Not Motivate Reward in Women Remitted from Anorexia Nervosa

“…Hunger in healthy participants increases rates of delay discounting,(16) reduces risk-aversion,(17) and can lead to overvaluation of unhealthy, higher-calorie foods. (18) In animals, food deprivation enhances sensitivity to drugs of abuse,(19, 20) suggesting hunger enhances preference for more immediate rewards.…”