Fatores associados ao uso de equipamentos de proteção individual por profissionais de saúde acidentados com material biológico no Estado do Maranhão

Abstract

ARTIGO ORIGINAL RESUMO | Contexto:Os profissionais da área de saúde estão expostos ao risco de acidentes de trabalho; por isso, equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) atuam como barreira e promovem proteção sempre que haja possibilidade de exposição ao material bioló-gico. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados e determinar a frequência de adesão ao uso de EPI por profissionais de saúde que sofreram acidentes ocupacionais com material biológico no Estado do Maranhão. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico, transversal, tipo analítico baseado em dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) entre os profissionais de saúde acidentados com material biológico no período de 2010 a 2015. Primeiramente, foi realizada a análise não ajustada; na segunda fase, foi adotada a análise ajustada do tipo hierarquizada, tendo como variável resposta a adesão ao uso de EPI. Foram consideradas associadas à variável resposta aquelas que apresentaram p<0,05. Resultados: A frequência de utilização de EPI foi de 41% e, ao final da análise hierarquizada, mantiveram-se associados a não utilização de EPI: ter 12 anos ou menos de estudo; trabalhar na capital/região metropolitana; sofrer exposição percutânea, por sangue, por agulha e por descarte inadequado de perfurocortantes. Conclusão: A frequência de adesão ao uso de EPI foi relativamente baixa entre os profissionais de saúde que sofreram acidentes no Estado do Maranhão. Os profissionais com 12 anos ou menos de estudo, não utilizando EPI e que realizaram descarte inadequado de materiais perfurocortantes podem estar contribuindo para a ocorrência de acidentes ocupacionais nas instituições de saúde. Palavras-chave | acidentes de trabalho; equipamento de proteção individual; exposição a agentes biológicos. ABSTRACT | Background:Health professionals are at high risk for work accidents; within this context, personal protective equipment (PPE) acts as a barrier and affords protection in any situation of potential exposure to biological materials. Objective: To analyze associated factors and determine the frequency of adherence to use of PPE by health professionals who suffered occupational needle stick injuries in the State of Maranhão. Methods: An epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical study based on secondary data from the Information System on Notifying Diseases (SINAN) was performed with health professionals who suffered needle stick injuries from 2010 to 2015. Unadjusted analysis was performed first, and hierarchical adjusted analysis in a second stage, with adherence to use of PPE as response variable. Only variables with p < 0.05 were considered to exhibit association with the response variable. Results: The frequency of use of PPE was 41%; at the end of hierarchical analysis, not using PPE remained associated with: having 12 or less years schooling; working in the capital/metropolitan region; and percutaneous exposure to blood by means of needles or improper disposal of sharps. Conclusion: The frequency of adherence to PPE was relative...

Factors related to occupational accidents among nursing professionals from a public hospital in northern Brazil between the years 2009 to 2016

“…However, the results of the χ 2 test indicate that variable occupational category had no relationship with type of hazard, since both nurses and nursing technicians were victims of accidents involving exposure to biological materials. These results call the attention to the need for standard prevention measures, continuous updating of the vaccination schedule and improvement of pre-employment and periodic medical examinations 14 .…”

Trends in the use of personal protective equipment by health care workers who experienced occupational accidents in Brazil

“… 11 Studies by Almeida, 12 in Manaus, and Vieira, 13 in Florianópolis, used a different methodological approach to reveal similarly concerning findings, noting that 71% of health care workers had been wearing at least one type of PPE when at the time of the incident. In the study by Correa et al, 14 in the state of Maranhão, the percentage of individuals wearing three or more types of PPE during a possible exposure incident was 41.3%. Most studies in the literature have examined this issue in specific geographical locations, such as a single city or hospital, or even a single hospital sector.…”

“…12 , 13 , 15 The few nationwide studies on PPE and exposure to biological material have only analyzed this issue using descriptive methods. 11 , 14 …”

Occupational accidents involving biological material: demographic and occupational profile of affected workers

“…Yet work can also cause exposure to occupational risk factors, which have a negative impact on health and contribute to the development of several diseases. 1 , 2 Occupational accidents (OAs) are single events, limited in space and time, which occur as a consequence of occupational activities and result in physical harm or functional impairment. Their repercussions are usually immediate and can include death or work-related disability (temporary or permanent, total or partial).…”

“…However, these incidents can also affect workers in other occupational sectors, including funeral services, the beauty industry, public safety, and sanitation. 2 , 4 , 6 …”