Fatigue. Measures and relation to pain

Abstract

Fatigue describes reduced capacity to sustain force or power output, reduced capacity to perform multiple tasks over time and simply a subjective experience of feeling exhausted, tired, weak or having lack of energy. Pain and fatigue have several components in common, such as being subjective, prevalent in most patients with cancer and caused by multiple factors of both a physical and psychological nature. In order to explore the relationship between fatigue and pain, data from five studies were used: two random samples from the Norwegian population (n=2323 and n=1965), Hodgkin's disease survivors (n=459), palliative care patients (n=434) and patients with bone metastases (n=94). All patients had completed one or more of the following instruments: EORTC QLQ-C30, SF-36 and/or Fatigue Questionnaire. The level of fatigue was much higher in the two palliative care populations (54.4 and 63.2) as compared to the normal population samples (25.0). Patients with bone metastases had significantly more pain (72.0) than the patients in the palliative care trial (47.4) and norms (20.5). In the two palliative care and bone metastases populations fatigue was almost unchanged over time, while pain was reduced. In the palliative care population a high level of fatigue (80.3) and pain (57.8) was reported 0-1 month before death. The relationship between pain, fatigue and the health-related quality of life domains should be explored in more detail, especially in follow-up studies in order to assess possible changes over time. In addition, the validity of the existing instruments measuring fatigue should be investigated for use in patients with advanced disease and short life expectancy.

Symptoms in the Lives of Terminal Cancer Patients: Which Is the Most Important?

“…This suggests that fatigue levels are positively correlated with increased levels of pain [26, 27]. A previous study suggested that pain could contribute to fatigue by influencing the physical components of fatigue to a larger extent than the mental domain [28]. Our study also suggests that fatigue was more related to the physical domain of interference (table 7).…”

Symptom evaluation in palliative medicine: patient report vs systematic assessment

“…The available validated instruments do not cover all the symptoms patients with advanced cancer experience [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Another universal flaw (and one that may be uncorrectable) is that their practicality and reliability deteriorate in advanced disease [17][18][19][20] when assessment of symptoms is most important. A recent study [21] compared five symptom assessment tools already validated in palliative care (the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Palliative Care Outcome Scale, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life-Core 30) to the symptoms noted in patient records.…”

The Relationship of Cancer Symptom Clusters to Depressive Affect in the Initial Phase of Palliative Radiation

“…16 The level of fatigue itself may be influenced not only by pain, but by fever, dyspnea, trouble sleeping, nausea, appetite loss, weight loss, and functional impairment. 17 For instance, as an indication of the sickness response, as well as a symptom of immunosuppression and infection, fever can lead to fatigue.…”