“…Moreover, nanostructures find application in composite materials, where one or more phases, having a nanometer scale, are embedded in a matrix. In terms of their matrix, nanocomposites are generally classified as [3]: ceramic-matrix [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], metalmatrix [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and polymer-matrix nanocomposites [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. More recently, research on cement-based materials (including concrete, mortar and cement paste) [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] has been trying to exploit the synergies that nanostructures can provide in terms of both improvement of their performance and acquisition of "smart" functions, making cement-based products become electric/thermal sensors or crack repairing materials [36].…”