Fatigue in assemblies of indefatigable carbon nanotubes

Gupta, Nitant; Penev, Evgeni S.; Yakobson, Boris I.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abj6996

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…For example, if the initial tube with a diameter (defined as d) of 1.1 nm is (8,8), it could change to (13, 2) or (14, 2) as it grew, and the respective diameter (defined as D) changed to ≈1.3 and 1.4 nm. Clearly, STW defects lower the SWCNT symmetry [19] or directly change its chirality [18] by forming intramolecular junctions or kinks during its growth.…”

Section: The Breaking Of Symmetry During Swcnt Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the Axis‐Symmetry of a Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube During Its Growth

Zhang,

Xu,

Feng

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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The asymmetrical growth of a single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) by introducing a change of a local atomic structure, is usually inevitable and supposed to have a profound effect on the chirality control and property tailor. However, the breaking of the symmetry during SWCNT growth remains unexplored and its origins at the atomic‐scale are elusive. Here, environmental transmission electron microscopy is used to capture the process of breaking the symmetry of a growing SWCNT from a sub‐2‐nm platinum catalyst nanoparticle in real‐time, demonstrating that topological defects formed on the side of a SWCNT can serve as a buffer for stress release and inherently break its axis‐symmetrical growth. Atomic‐level details reveal the importance of the tube‐catalyst interface and how the atom rearrangement of the solid‐state platinum catalyst around the interface influences the final tubular structure. The active sites responsible for trapping carbon dimers and providing enough driving force for carbon incorporation and asymmetric growth are shown to be low‐coordination step edges, as confirmed by theoretical simulations.

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Section: The Breaking Of Symmetry During Swcnt Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the Axis‐Symmetry of a Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube During Its Growth

Zhang,

Xu,

Feng

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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“…Due to the common presence of cyclic strain in device and composite applications, [27][28][29] the fatigue properties of many low dimensional materials have been reported, including graphene, [30] transition metal dichalcogenides, [31] carbon nanotubes, [32][33][34] Si nanowires, [35] and SrTiO 3 thin films. [36] Despite the significant advancements in understanding the fatigue behavior of inorganic materials, the fatigue properties of hybrid organic-inorganic materials with reduced dimensions have received limited attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Fatigue Behavior of 2D Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites: Insights for Long‐Term Durability

et al. 2023

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Abstract2D hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are commonly found under subcritical cyclic stresses and suffer from fatigue issues during device operation. However, their fatigue properties remain unknown. Here, the fatigue behavior of (C4H9‐NH3)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10,, the archetype 2D HOIP, is systematically investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is found that 2D HOIPs are much more fatigue resilient than polymers and can survive over 1 billion cycles. 2D HOIPs tend to exhibit brittle failure at high mean stress levels, but behave as ductile materials at low mean stress levels. These results suggest the presence of a plastic deformation mechanism in these ionic 2D HOIPs at low mean stress levels, which may contribute to the long fatigue lifetime, but is inhibited at higher mean stresses. The stiffness and strength of 2D HOIPs are gradually weakened under subcritical loading, potentially as a result of stress‐induced defect nucleation and accumulation. The cyclic loading component can further accelerate this process. The fatigue lifetime of 2D HOIPs can be extended by reducing the mean stress, stress amplitude, or increasing the thickness. These results can provide indispensable insights into designing and engineering 2D HOIPs and other hybrid organic–inorganic materials for long‐term mechanical durability.

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“…Among the low-dimensional materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been an iconic example: the ~1-nm-thin hollow cylinders emerged ( 1 ) as unexpectedly stable, strong molecular structures with helical symmetry, helicity ( 2 ), often expressed by chiral angle, 0 < χ < 30° or a pair of chiral indexes ( n , m ) ( 3 ). Apart from the topmost mechanical strength in composites or fibers ( 4 , 5 ), all CNTs’ finer properties—electronic, optical, sensing—depend greatly on the chirality, χ. That is why the nonspecific syntheses, where the tubes of different χ types are produced intermixed together, have been thwarting a plethora of tantalizing applications ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-chirality nanotube synthesis by guided evolutionary selection

Yakobson

Bets

2022

Sci. Adv.

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Bringing to fruition the tantalizing properties, foreseen since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, has been hindered by the challenge to produce a desired helical symmetry type, single chirality. Despite progress in postsynthesis separation or somewhat sporadic success in selective growth, obtaining one chiral type at will remains elusive. The kinetics analysis here shows how a local yet moving reaction zone (the gas feedstock or elevated temperature) can entice the tubes to follow, so that, remotely akin to proverbial Lamarck giraffes, only the fastest survive. Reversing the reaction to dissolution would further eliminate the too fast-reactive types so that a desired chirality is singled out in production.

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Fatigue in assemblies of indefatigable carbon nanotubes

Abstract: Fatigue in nanotube assemblies happens much more readily at tube-tube interfaces rather than inside their walls.

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Breaking the Axis‐Symmetry of a Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube During Its Growth

Breaking the Axis‐Symmetry of a Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube During Its Growth

Unveiling the Fatigue Behavior of 2D Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites: Insights for Long‐Term Durability

Single-chirality nanotube synthesis by guided evolutionary selection

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