Fatigue‐Free, Electrically Reliable Copper Electrode with Nanohole Array

Kim, Byoung-Joon; Cho, Yi-Gil; Jung, Mi-Ra; Shin, Hyun Suk; Moon, Myoung‐Woon; Han, Heung Nam; Nam, Ki Tae; Joo, Young‐Chang; Choi, In‐Suk

doi:10.1002/smll.201200674

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…To examine the effect of Al 2 O 3 encapsulation on the mechanical reliability of a Ag nanowire electrode, a cyclic bending test was conducted using a bending fatigue tester. The bending fatigue tester is capable of applying a bending stress for more than 500,000 cycles while in situ monitoring the change in the sample resistance 28 33 . The imposed bending strain for the test was set at 2.5%, which corresponds to a bending radius of 2.5 mm for a given substrate thickness of 125 μm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Flexible and Transparent Ag Nanowire Electrode Encapsulated with Ultra-Thin Al2O3: Thermal, Ambient, and Mechanical Stabilities

Hwang¹,

Lee

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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There is an increasing demand in the flexible electronics industry for highly robust flexible/transparent conductors that can withstand high temperatures and corrosive environments. In this work, outstanding thermal and ambient stability is demonstrated for a highly transparent Ag nanowire electrode with a low electrical resistivity, by encapsulating it with an ultra-thin Al2O3 film (around 5.3 nm) via low-temperature (100 °C) atomic layer deposition. The Al2O3-encapsulated Ag nanowire (Al2O3/Ag) electrodes are stable even after annealing at 380 °C for 100 min and maintain their electrical and optical properties. The Al2O3 encapsulation layer also effectively blocks the permeation of H2O molecules and thereby enhances the ambient stability to greater than 1,080 h in an atmosphere with a relative humidity of 85% at 85 °C. Results from the cyclic bending test of up to 500,000 cycles (under an effective strain of 2.5%) confirm that the Al2O3/Ag nanowire electrode has a superior mechanical reliability to that of the conventional indium tin oxide film electrode. Moreover, the Al2O3 encapsulation significantly improves the mechanical durability of the Ag nanowire electrode, as confirmed by performing wiping tests using isopropyl alcohol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Flexible and Transparent Ag Nanowire Electrode Encapsulated with Ultra-Thin Al2O3: Thermal, Ambient, and Mechanical Stabilities

Hwang¹,

Lee

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Because PI is a non‐conductive substance, Cu can be used as a stable conducting layer on the PI nano‐hairy structures. Our previous work demonstrated that the Cu layer deposited on the nano‐hairy PI exhibited very strong bending fatigue resistance compared with a conventional Cu thin film under the cyclic bending fatigue test, which simulated the characteristics in a bendable environment . Electrical resistance of the thin film Cu on the pristine PI increased over 300% after 500 000 cycles, whereas the electrical resistance of the nanostructured Cu on the nano‐hairy PI showed extremely small increase, only less than 10%, even though their initial resistances were very similar (4.17 and 5.78 Ω, respectively).…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

A Bendable Li‐Ion Battery with a Nano‐Hairy Electrode: Direct Integration Scheme on the Polymer Substrate

Jung

Seo

Moon

et al. 2014

Advanced Energy Materials

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gravimetric and volumetric capacity, which is much larger than that of any other commercialized anode material. [ 9,10 ] Bulk Si itself is extremely brittle when it is subject to bending conditions so an ultrathin Si fi lm or ribbon has been introduced to fabricate Si-based fl exible devices. [11][12][13][14][15][16] However, ultrathin Si is still insuffi cient for stable cycling of bendable batteries because Si anodes should accommodate the large volume expansion of Si during charge/discharge cycles. Si exhibits severe mechanical degradation (e.g., cracks, delamination) due to the accumulated stress caused by large volume expansion, which can be as high as 300%, upon full lithiation, [ 17,18 ] thus resulting in a fatal capacity decay and a short cycle life. [ 19,20 ] Serious reliability issues, such as the acute delamination of the Si thin-fi lm anodes on polymer substrates, could be even more severe compared with Si thin fi lms on metal (e.g., Cu) current collector. Therefore, if we introduce a new design approach to create highly reliable nanostructured electrodes that are necessary for the implementation of Si anodes on PI substrates without sacrifi cing battery performance, our direct implementation scheme can be used for highly reliable nanostructured electrodes that are necessary for polymer-based fully bendable and foldable devices. In an attempt to overcome the mechanical instability of Si, various Si nanostructures, such as simple nanowires (NWs), core/shell NWs, coated NWs, embedded NWs and nanotube NWs, [21][22][23][24][25][26] based on Si NWs have been explored, resulting in strain release from free expansion and fracture resistance through critical size effects. [27][28][29][30] However, designing these nanostructured Si anodes on PI substrates is extremely challenging due to diffi culties in the direct integration onto the polymer substrates compared with the metal substrates. For instance, Si NWs were normally obtained by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS), supercritical fl uid-liquid-solid (SFLS) or solution-liquid-solid (SLS) growth synthesized at temperatures approximately between 300 and 1000 °C, [31][32][33] which is too high to use the polymer-based substrates. Here, we fabricate a nano-hairy Si electrode directly onto the PI substrate. By implementing an in situ lithiation test, we demonstrate the lithiation mechanism of our unique nano-hairy structure, which facilitates the kinetic lithiation process and the strain accommodation process. Furthermore, using a button-cell battery test and a bendable pouch cell battery test, we demonstrate that our new electrode design signifi cantly improved the cycling and rate performance of the battery, as well as successfully overcome the aforementioned fatal issues of the Si anode integrated onto a polymer substrate. We believe that our direct integration scheme using a nano-hairy structure is applicable not only to Si but also to general electrode materials for polymer substrate-based bendable Li-ion batteries, and this strategy can facilitate a new application ...

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“…It has also been shown that 85% of initial capacitance is retained after 800 bending cycles from MnO 2 / EVA/CNT paper with moderate curvature [29]. It remains unclear, however, whether these devices can survive repeated folding/unfolding, and sometime twisting, where the active materials could be detached or even destroyed at the interface if they are only deposited on the surface of paper [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Foldable supercapacitors from triple networks of macroporous cellulose fibers, single-walled carbon nanotubes and polyaniline nanoribbons

et al. 2015

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Fatigue‐Free, Electrically Reliable Copper Electrode with Nanohole Array

Cited by 49 publications

References 31 publications

Highly Flexible and Transparent Ag Nanowire Electrode Encapsulated with Ultra-Thin Al2O3: Thermal, Ambient, and Mechanical Stabilities

Highly Flexible and Transparent Ag Nanowire Electrode Encapsulated with Ultra-Thin Al2O3: Thermal, Ambient, and Mechanical Stabilities

A Bendable Li‐Ion Battery with a Nano‐Hairy Electrode: Direct Integration Scheme on the Polymer Substrate

Foldable supercapacitors from triple networks of macroporous cellulose fibers, single-walled carbon nanotubes and polyaniline nanoribbons

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