Fatigue mechanism of a Mg-4%Al-1%Ca (hereinafter referred to as AX41) non-combustible magnesium alloy and its TIG(Tungsten Inert Gas) and MIG(Metal Inert Gas) weld joint was investigated through the plane bending fatigue and crack propagation tests. Results of plane bending fatigue tests showed that fatigue strengths of TIG and MIG weld joints were lower than that of the base metal (BM), while a similar fatigue strength at 107 cycles was found in both TIG and MIG weld joints. However, a TIG weld joint showed the highest crack propagation resistance among tested samples in crack propagation tests. Scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis were used to investigate the relationship between microstructural factors and crack initiation mechanism of AX41 alloy and its weld joint. Cracks were found to initiate from grains in BM, while weld defects became a crack initiation site in a MIG weld joint. However, both grains and weld defects were observed as a crack initiation site in a TIG weld joint. Results of EBSD analysis indicated that fatigue crack initiation in TIG weld joint was favored in large grains with high Schmid factors. The critical value of initial crack length was discussed in correlation between the maximum grain size and the maximum weld defects/inclusions size on the fatigue crack initiation mechanisms. As a result, prediction method of the fatigue strength at 107 cycles was proposed based on the hardness and weld defects/inclusions size.