Fatigue damage of human tendons

Schechtman, Helio; Bader, Dan L.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00177-4

Cited by 90 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…When rupture occurs after static loading, it is referred to as a creep rupture, and when it occurs after cyclic loading, it is known as a fatigue rupture. Creep or fatigue ruptures have been demonstrated in wallaby tendons (Wang and Ker, 1995a;Wang et al, 1995b;Ker et al, 2000) and in sheep tendons , fatigue ruptures in human extensor digitorum longus (EDL) tendons (Schechtman and Bader, 1994;Schechtman and Bader, 1997;Schechtman and Bader, 2002), and creep and fatigue ruptures in human Achilles tendons (AT) (Wren et al, 2003). However, ultimate stress is not a valid parameter to describe tendon fatigue in living tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo mechanical response of human Achilles tendon to a single bout of hopping exercise

Peltonen

Cronin

Avela

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYStiffness of the human Achilles tendon (AT) was determined in vivo before and after a single bout of hopping exercise. It was hypothesized, based on published data using in vitro specimens, that a reduction in AT stiffness may occur after just 1000 loading cycles at physiological stress levels. Ten healthy subjects performed two-legged hopping exercise consisting of 1150-2600 high impacts. Tendon stiffness was determined in several isometric ramp contractions [20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)] during which tendon elongation was measured using ultrasonography and two cameras. Tendon force was calculated by dividing measured ankle torque by magnetic resonance imaging-derived AT lever arm length. Tendon stiffness remained unchanged, being 430±200Nmm -1 before and 390±190Nmm -1 after the exercise [not significant (n.s.)]. Despite the lack of changes in stiffness, maximum tendon force during MVC was reduced from 3.5±0.6kN to 2.8±0.7kN (P<0.01). As the proposed decline in stiffness was not observed, it is concluded that mechanical fatigue did not take place in the AT of healthy individuals after a single bout of high-impact exercise performed until exhaustion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, most authors have concluded that the slope of the linear region of the stress-strain curve, known as Young's modulus, is an excellent indicator of tendon fatigue. At the instant of rupture, Young's modulus has been shown to decrease to approximately half of its original value (Schechtman and Bader, 2002;Wren et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo mechanical response of human Achilles tendon to a single bout of hopping exercise

Peltonen

Cronin

Avela

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…For example, the sub-process MD has been investigated through mechanical fatigue testing. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] We have learned from these studies mainly that under stress-controlled fatigue-loading: tendon strain increases continuously in a triphasic pattern 2,7,8 ; tissue stiffness changes in an ''inverse U'' pattern 2 ; time to rupture decreases as the load increases 3,5,7,8 ; and tendon diameter increases with damage. 4 However, the active component of tendon response (the tissue cells) was not examined in these studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relative contributions of mechanical degradation, enzymatic degradation, and repair of the extracellular matrix on the response of tendons when subjected to under‐ and over‐ mechanical stimulations in vitro

Cousineau-Pelletier

Langelier

2009

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Tendon response to mechanical loading results in either homeostasis, improvement, or degeneration of tissue condition. In an effort to better understand the development of tendinopathies, this study investigated the mechanical and structural responses of tendons subjected to under-and over-stimulations (1.2% and 1.8% strain respectively, 1 Hz). The objective was to examine three sub-processes of tendon response: mechanical degradation, enzymatic degradation, and repair of the extracellular matrix. We subjected rat tail tendons to a 10-day stimulation protocol with four periods of 6 h each day: 30 min of stimulation and 5 h 30 min of rest. To investigate the contribution of the three sub-processes, we controlled the contribution of the cells through variations in the nutrient and protease inhibitor content in the in vitro solutions. Using nondestructive cyclic tests, we evaluated the daily changes in the peak stress. To assess structural changes, we carried out microscopic analyses at the end of the study period. We observed that the relative contributions of the sub-processes differed according to the stimulation amplitude. With over-stimulation of tendons immersed in DMEM, we succeeded in reducing enzymatic degradation and increasing peak stress. In under-stimulation, the addition of protease inhibitors was required to obtain the same result. ß

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“…about four months of normal walking activity) 21 . This type of prediction however is based on results from in vitro mechanical tests on tendons 22 , whilst self-healing and remodelling effects are present in vivo and cannot be neglected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue of self-healing hierarchical soft nanomaterials: The case study of the tendon in sportsmen

2014

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Abstract:One of the defining properties of biological structural materials is that of selfhealing, i.e. the ability to undergo long-term reparation after instantaneous damaging events, but also after microdamage due to repeated load cycling. To correctly model the fatigue life of such materials, self-healing must be included in fracture and fatigue laws and related codes.Here, we adopt a numerical modelization of fatigue cycling of self-healing biological materials based on the Hierarchical Fibre Bundle Model and propose modifications in Griffith's and Paris' laws to account for the presence of self-healing. Simulations allow to numerically verify these modified expressions and highlight the effect of the self-healing rate, in particular for collagen-based materials such as human tendons and ligaments. The study highlights the robustness of the self-healing strategy adopted in Nature, and provides the possibility of improving the reliability of predictions on fatigue life in sports medicine.

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Fatigue damage of human tendons

Cited by 90 publications

References 16 publications

In vivo mechanical response of human Achilles tendon to a single bout of hopping exercise

In vivo mechanical response of human Achilles tendon to a single bout of hopping exercise

Relative contributions of mechanical degradation, enzymatic degradation, and repair of the extracellular matrix on the response of tendons when subjected to under‐ and over‐ mechanical stimulations in vitro

Fatigue of self-healing hierarchical soft nanomaterials: The case study of the tendon in sportsmen

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