Fatigue damage characterization using surface acoustic wave nonlinearity in aluminum alloy AA7175-T7351

Rao, V.V. Bapeswara; Kannan, Elankumaran; Prakash, Raghu V.; Balasubramaniam, Krishnan

doi:10.1063/1.2956396

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…INTRODUCTION In past decades, the study of nonlinear elastic wave propagation has been of considerable interest, which is due to the fact that nonlinear parameters are generally more sensitive to the changes in the microstructure than linear ones (velocity and attenuation). [1][2][3][4][5] When a purely sinusoidal ultrasonic wave launched into a crystalline solid, the interaction of the acoustic wave with microstructures such as dislocations and precipitates would lead to distortion of the initial waveform and generation of higher harmonic waves. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Suzuki et al 6 predicted the generation of the secondharmonic of an ultrasonic wave propagating in a crystal due to glide motion of dislocations by using the dislocations string model.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of precipitate-dislocation interactions on generation of nonlinear Lamb waves in creep-damaged metallic alloys

Xiang

Deng

Xuan

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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Articles you may be interested inCreep damage characterization using nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave method: A mesoscale model Interaction of guided wave modes in isotropic weakly nonlinear elastic plates: Higher harmonic generation Scatter in nonlinear ultrasonic measurements due to crystallographic orientation change induced anisotropy in harmonics generation An analytical model is presented for the effect of the interactions of dislocations with precipitate coherency strains on the generation of second-harmonic of Lamb waves in metallic alloys. The cumulative second-harmonic of Lamb wave propagation is shown to depend dominantly on the dislocation density, pinning dislocation length, internal stress due to the coherency strain, volume fraction of the precipitates, and the phase matching degree between the primary Lamb wave and the double frequency Lamb wave (DFLW). Experiments were carried out to introduce controlled levels of creep-induced damage to determine the nonlinear response of Lamb waves in titanium alloy Ti60 plates. A like mountain-shape change in the normalized acoustic nonlinearity of Lamb wave versus the creep loading time has been observed. Microscopic image analyses were performed to interpret the variation of the measured acoustic nonlinearity and to obtain the microstructure parameters of the Ti60 specimens with different creep damages. The analytical model was applied to these creep damaged Ti60 specimens, which revealed a good accordance with the measured results of the nonlinear Lamb waves. These results indicate that the acoustic nonlinearity of Lamb wave increases due to the rising of the precipitation volume fraction and the dislocation density in the early stage, and it decreases as a combined result of the reduction of the precipitation volume fraction and the dislocation density and the increasing mismatch of the phase velocity between the primary Lamb wave and the DFLW after a further creep loading. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of precipitate-dislocation interactions on generation of nonlinear Lamb waves in creep-damaged metallic alloys

Xiang

Deng

Xuan

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The most extensively used method in NDE is ultrasonic testing, which is effective because it has high mobility and high feasibility with a relatively simple instrumentation and uncomplicated configuration [6,7,10,11]. Particularly, the measurement of acoustic nonlinearity has shown its effectiveness in the evaluation of microstructural changes in materials, including stress corrosion cracks [12], plastic deformation [13][14][15][16], residual stress [17], fatigue [5,6,14,16,[18][19][20][21], thermal aging [4,8,9,[22][23][24][25][26], creep [10], and so on [18,27,28]. The microstructural changes, such as the evolution of dislocation structure, precipitate growth, and the phase transitions of precipitates, affect the acoustic nonlinearity of any ultrasonic waves propagating through the region where the microstructural change has taken place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By monitoring the variations in the acoustic nonlinearity, the changes in the microstructure can be nondestructively evaluated. Several theoretical [5,8,18,29] and experimental [4][5][6][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]20,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] studies have shown that the acoustic nonlinearity parameter can represent a sensitive indicator in the NDE of the material degradations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Evaluation of Thermal Aging in Al6061 Alloy by Measuring Acoustic Nonlinearity of Laser-Generated Surface Acoustic Waves

Jun

Seo

Jhang

2019

Metals

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The structures in high-temperature environments are prone to undergo hardening and embrittlement as a result of thermal aging; this can cause variations in their mechanical properties. Because these changes occur at the microstructural level, it is difficult to evaluate them through linear ultrasonic techniques. In this work, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) was used to measure and compare the acoustic nonlinearity and mechanical properties of Al6061 alloys heat-treated at 220 °C for different durations (0 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, 2 h, 10 h, 100 h, 1000 h). The SAW was generated by a pulsed laser and then received by an interferometer. Moreover, the yield strength, ultimate strength, and elongation to failure were measured by tensile tests. The results demonstrate that the critical variations in the mechanical properties can be detected by monitoring the variation features in the acoustic nonlinearity. Transmission electron microscopy images were captured to observe the microstructural changes, which shows that the acoustic nonlinearity varied according to the change in the precipitation phase. This supports the acoustic nonlinearity measurement using the laser-generated SAW being an effective technique for the fully noncontact nondestructive evaluation of material degradations as well as changes in mechanical properties.

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“…Ultrasonic methods were often used for fatigue assessments by detecting acoustic nonlinearity, crack length, elasticity, and the accumulation of damage [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Laser ultrasonic (LU) techniques have demonstrated increasingly high capabilities in the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of the mechanical properties of materials [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Progressive Fatigue Damage in Solid Plates by Laser Ultrasonic Monitoring of Zero-Group-Velocity Lamb Modes

et al. 2018

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We propose a method for nondestructive characterization of progressive fatigue damage in solid plates, using a zero-group-velocity (ZGV) Lamb mode generated and detected by lasers. Our experimental results depict a nonmonotonous change in the ZGV mode frequency with an increasing number of loading cycles, and more importantly its drastic decrease prior to the specimen failure. We report three experiments on three specimens made of aluminum, which fail after different numbers of loading cycles. Despite this difference, the three nonmonotonous variations of the ZGV mode frequency with an increasing number of loading cycles are superimposed when plotted as a function of the normalized fatigue lifetime. This feature stresses out the potential of the technique to locate fatigue damage, to predict the fatigue lifetime, and to qualitatively, and even quantitatively, assess the different stages of fatigue damage in micrometer-to potentially centimeters-thick solid plates.

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Fatigue damage characterization using surface acoustic wave nonlinearity in aluminum alloy AA7175-T7351

Cited by 39 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of precipitate-dislocation interactions on generation of nonlinear Lamb waves in creep-damaged metallic alloys

Effect of precipitate-dislocation interactions on generation of nonlinear Lamb waves in creep-damaged metallic alloys

Nondestructive Evaluation of Thermal Aging in Al6061 Alloy by Measuring Acoustic Nonlinearity of Laser-Generated Surface Acoustic Waves

Characterization of Progressive Fatigue Damage in Solid Plates by Laser Ultrasonic Monitoring of Zero-Group-Velocity Lamb Modes

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