Fatigue crack growth rates of X100 steel welds in high pressure hydrogen gas considering residual stress effects

Ronevich, Joseph Allen; D’Elia, Christopher R.; Hill, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.02.030

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Whether welds or HAZs exhibit greater FCGRs than the BM can depend on a number of factors: (1) the microstructure; (2) the welding technique employed; or (3) the overmatching or undermatching of the weld strength relative to that of the BM. This strength relationship of the weld to the BM would have a large effect on the residual stresses in the welds and HAZs, which has been shown to have a significant effect on FCGR in a previous study by Ronevich et al [15]. These items are interrelated, as the ferrite-pearlite microstructure of the vintage X52 material provided readily available carbon to form martensite upon heating during the welding process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, it would be expected that when specimens of this size are cut out of the pipe, residual stresses would be relieved in large part. However, residual stresses of a magnitude that can affect FCGR have been measured in welds and HAZs of X100 pipeline steel [15]. In that work, residual stresses tended to reduce the FCGR from the original values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For this reason, the fatigue properties of the welds, as well as those of the base metal, must be characterized. There is relatively little known about the FCGR of pipeline weld materials [15] and their associated heat-affected zones (HAZs) in the presence of hydrogen [16][17][18][19][20], and even less is known about their FCGRs under conditions of pressurized hydrogen gas [16,18]. All studies indicate that the FCGR of the weld fusion zone and/or HAZ is at least an order of magnitude higher in the presence of hydrogen than in air at values of the stress intensity range (ΔK) greater than 15 MPa•m ½ .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fatigue Testing of Pipeline Welds and Heat-Affected Zones in Pressurized Hydrogen Gas

Drexler

Slifka

Amaro

et al. 2019

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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Several welds and associated heat-affected zones (HAZs) on two API X70 and two API X52 pipes were tested to determine the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) in pressurized hydrogen gas and assess the area of the pipe that was most susceptible to fatigue when subjected to hydrogen gas. The relationship between FCGRs for welds and HAZs compared to base metal is discussed relative to local residual stresses, differences in the actual path of the crack, and hydrogen pressure effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fatigue Testing of Pipeline Welds and Heat-Affected Zones in Pressurized Hydrogen Gas

Drexler

Slifka

Amaro

et al. 2019

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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show abstract

“…As the global sustainable development strategy becomes the mainstream, offshore natural gas, which is considered as a clean energy, has attracted the attention of various countries. Therefore, many researchers have studied the FCG rate and the cracking behavior of pipeline steels in different gas environments [9,10,11,12,13,14]. Wang et al [9] studied the FCG rate of the base metal and the heat affected zone of API 5L X70 pipeline steel under a hydrogen sulphide environment, and they found that the existence of H 2 S greatly accelerated the FCG rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zheng et al [10] also obtained a similar law in the study of API 5L X56 pipeline steel under an H 2 S environment. In addition, it is found that the presence of gaseous hydrogen also has a great impact on the FCG rate of steel, which exceeded an order of magnitude larger than that of the FCG rate under laboratory air environment [11,12,13,14]. Amaro et al [11] studied API 5L X100 pipeline steel in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen environments, and they found that the FCG response in hydrogen at da/dN < 3 × 10 −4 mm/cycle is primarily affected by the hydrogen concentration within the fatigue process zone, resulting in a hydrogen-dominated mechanism, and the FCG response in hydrogen at da/dN < 3 × 10 −4 mm/cycle results from fatigue-dominated mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Corrosive Fatigue Life of Submarine Pipelines of API 5L X56 Steel Materials

et al. 2019

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Corrosive fatigue failure of submarine pipelines is very common because the pipeline is immersed in a sea environment. In Bohai sea, many old pipelines are made of API 5L X56 steel materials, and it is necessary to provide an accurate method for predicting the residual life of these pipelines. As Paris law has been proven to be reliable in predicting the fatigue crack growth in metal materials, the two constants in Paris law for API 5L X56 steel materials are obtained by using a new proposed shape factor based on the analysis of experimental data measured from fatigue tests on compact tension specimens immersed in the water of Bohai sea. The results of the newly proposed shape factor show that, for a given stress intensity factor range (ΔK), the fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) in seawater is 1.6 times of that that in air. With the increase of fatigue crack growth rate, the influence of seawater on corrosive fatigue decreases gradually. Thereafter, a finite element model for analyzing the stress intensity factor of fatigue crack in pipelines is built, and the corrosive fatigue life of a submarine pipeline is then predicted according to the Paris law. To verify the presented method, the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of an API 5L X56 pipeline with an initial crack under cyclic load is tested. Comparison between the prediction and the tested result indicates that the presented method is effective in evaluating the corrosive fatigue life of API 5L X56 pipelines.

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Residual Stress Measurements in Extreme Environments for Hazardous, Layered Specimens

et al. 2022

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Background In nuclear fuel plates of low-enriched U-10Mo (LEU) clad with aluminum by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), post-irradiation stresses arising during reactor shutdown are a major concern for safe reactor operations. Measurement of those residual stresses has not previously been possible because the high radioactivity of the plates requires handling only by remote manipulation in a hot cell. Objective The incremental slitting method for measuring through-thickness stress profiles was modified, and a system for automated, remote operation was built and tested. Methods Experimental modifications consisted of replacing electric-discharge machining (EDM) with a small end mill and strain-gauge measurements with cantilever displacement measurements. The inverse method used to calculate stresses was the pulse-regularization method modified to allow discontinuities across material interfaces. The new system was validated by comparing with conventional slitting on a depleted U-10Mo (DU) fuel plate. Results The new system was applied to two measurements each on six as-fabricated (pre-irradiation) LEU miniature fuel plates. Variations between the measurements at two locations in the same plate were strongly correlated with measured geometrical heterogeneity in the plate—a tilt in the fuel foil. Compressive stresses in the U-10Mo were shown to increase from 20 to 250 MPa as the ratio of aluminum thickness to U-10Mo thickness increased causing increased constraint during cooling. Faster cooling rates during processing also increased stress magnitudes. Conclusions The measurements trends agreed with data in the literature from similar plates made with DU, which further validates the method. Because other methods are impractical in a hot cell, the modified slitting method is now poised for the first measurements of post-irradiation stresses.

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Fatigue crack growth rates of X100 steel welds in high pressure hydrogen gas considering residual stress effects

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Fatigue Testing of Pipeline Welds and Heat-Affected Zones in Pressurized Hydrogen Gas

Fatigue Testing of Pipeline Welds and Heat-Affected Zones in Pressurized Hydrogen Gas

Prediction of Corrosive Fatigue Life of Submarine Pipelines of API 5L X56 Steel Materials

Residual Stress Measurements in Extreme Environments for Hazardous, Layered Specimens

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