Thickness effect on fatigue life of pure copper single-crystal foils with two different surface orientations, ð211Þ and ð5 11 1Þ, but with the same stress-axis orientation was investigated by means of S-N curve measurement and microstructural observation. Thicknesses of the foils were in range from 140 to 500 µm. Fatigue life of the ð21 1Þ specimen was much longer (by a factor of 1000) than that of the ð5 11 1Þ specimen within the given range of the foil thickness. The orientation dependence of fatigue life became more pronounced with decreasing the foil thickness. The size and crystal orientation dependence of the fatigue life can be explained reasonably by considering the reduction of the net area of the primary and secondary slip planes during deformation.