Fatigue and fatigue after impact behaviour of Thin- and Thick-Ply composites observed by computed tomography

Fatigue life of unidirectional 90° carbon/epoxy laminates made of conventional and ultra‐thin plies varying manufacturing and testing conditions

“…However, few researchers have micromechanically looked into this phenomenon under cyclic loading. Some studies, such as Sihn et al 22 and Kötter et al, 30 among others, have provided some encouraging improvements related to better fatigue performance macroscopically when ultra‐thin plies are involved in the manufacturing process of composite laminates. These studies, among others, have been well reviewed by Galos 31 both under static and fatigue testing.…”

In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Microtomography of Progressive Damage in Canted Notched Cross-Ply Composites with Interlaminar Nanoreinforcement

“…Traditionally, in the prior experimental characterizations of progressive damage/failure effects induced by nanostitch, thin-ply, and their combination, damage state visualization was performed primarily via 1D detection methods (e.g., acoustic signaling/scanning), high-resolution exterior 2D imaging methods (e.g., optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) and/or low-resolution interior 3D imaging methods (e.g., lab-based X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) and ultrasonic C-scan) [37,38], providing incomplete mechanistic understanding (based on 4D failure evolution) for optimizing and predicting their mechanical effects. Recent, more advanced experimental studies, though few in quantity, of such damage/failure effects include limited high-resolution CT characterizations of thin-ply prepreg (e.g., [11,[39][40][41]) and nanostitch (e.g., [11,36,42]). State-of-the-art and future understanding of mechanical performance relies on higher-fidelity experimental characterizations, including temporal data [43], of complex progressive failure mechanisms involving multiple scales and interacting modalities that guide and validate predictive models [44][45][46].…”