Fatherhood in Tall Men Treated with High-Dose Sex Steroids during Adolescence

Hendriks, Emile; Boellaard, Willem; Casteren, Niels J. van; Romijn, Johannes C.; Jong, Frank H. de; Boot, Annemieke M.; Drop, S. L. S.

doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0435

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These men took part in a study investigating fatherhood in tall men (n = 153) after the use or non-use of sex steroid treatment in adolescence to reduce final height (Hendriks, 2010). These men had the same evaluation as the study participants, except for morphological evaluation of semen.…”

Section: Control Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fertility potential in men with a history of congenital undescended testes: a long‐term follow‐up study

et al. 2012

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Men with a history of congenital undescended testes (UDT) have an increased risk of fertility problems. Despite no definitive proof, current guidelines recommend early surgical intervention because this may have a positive effect on future fertility potential by preventing degenerative changes of the testes in early life. Also surgical intervention facilitates observability of the testes in view of possible malignancy. We evaluated testicular function in adult men with previous UDT treated at different ages before puberty. A longterm follow-up study of men with previous UDT was performed. Andrological evaluation included medical history taking, physical examination, scrotal ultrasound, determination of reproductive hormones, and semen analysis. Findings were compared with those of a control group of men with normal testicular descent. The influence of age at orchiopexy on future fertility parameters was evaluated in a multivariate regression analysis. 62 men were included of whom seven had had bilateral UDT. Twenty-four patients had had their orchiopexy before the age of 24 months of whom eight men had it before 12 months of age. Forty-eight men had had unsuccessful luteinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone (LHRH) nasal spray treatment during childhood, whereas 14 of 24 men operated before 24 months of age had not received LHRH treatment before orchiopexy. Fertility potential in men with a history of UDT is compromised in comparison with controls. We could not detect any influence of age at orchiopexy on fertility parameters. However, the number of patients operated before the age of 12 months is limited. This study does not support the assumption that early orchiopexy results in better fertility potential.

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Section: Control Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a control group we used the 56 men who did not receive sex steroids, of whom we excluded three men referable to a history of orchiopexy or treatment with radio-or chemotherapy (Hendriks, 2010).…”

Section: Control Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility potential in men with a history of congenital undescended testes: a long‐term follow‐up study

et al. 2012

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“…Initially it was suspected that this treatment would be harmful to the testes and leave permanent damage. However, when the proper control groups were co-investigated, the incidence of subnormal semen parameters was the same in both groups (34,35), indicating that at this age the testes do not differ from adult men in their capacity to recover from suppression.…”

Section: European Journal Of Endocrinologymentioning

confidence: 87%

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Medical consequences of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids: effects on reproductive functions

Nieschlag

Vorona

2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

192

115

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Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are appearance and performance-enhancing drugs (APEDs) used in competitive athletics, in recreational sports, and by body-builders. The global lifetime prevalence of AASs abuse is 6.4% for males and 1.6% for women. Many AASs, often obtained from the internet and dubious sources, have not undergone proper testing and are consumed at extremely high doses and in irrational combinations, also along with other drugs. Controlled clinical trials investigating undesired side effects are lacking because ethical restrictions prevent exposing volunteers to potentially toxic regimens, obscuring a causal relationship between AASs abuse and possible sequelae. Because of the negative feedback in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, in men AASs cause reversible suppression of spermatogenesis, testicular atrophy, infertility, and erectile dysfunction (anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism). Should spermatogenesis not recover after AASs abuse, a pre-existing fertility disorder may have resurfaced. AASs frequently cause gynecomastia and acne. In women, AASs may disrupt ovarian function. Chronic strenuous physical activity leads to menstrual irregularities and, in severe cases, to the female athlete triad (low energy intake, menstrual disorders and low bone mass), making it difficult to disentangle the effects of sports and AASs. Acne, hirsutism and (irreversible) deepening of the voice are further consequences of AASs misuse. There is no evidence that AASs cause breast carcinoma. Detecting AASs misuse through the control network of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) not only aims to guarantee fair conditions for athletes, but also to protect them from medical sequelae of AASs abuse.

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“…Acne fulminans has been observed during high-dose testosterone therapy, but also spontaneously in pubertal boys. If the development of acne is testosterone dose-dependent, a testosterone dose of 250 mg every 2 weeks should cause less severe acne though this was not observed at center B. Infertility and pituitary-gonadal dysfunction have not been documented as side effects of high-dose testosterone treatment in tall boys [16,17]. However, tall men treated with high-dose sex steroids during adolescence have lower testosterone levels compared to untreated tall men [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the development of acne is testosterone dose-dependent, a testosterone dose of 250 mg every 2 weeks should cause less severe acne though this was not observed at center B. Infertility and pituitary-gonadal dysfunction have not been documented as side effects of high-dose testosterone treatment in tall boys [16,17]. However, tall men treated with high-dose sex steroids during adolescence have lower testosterone levels compared to untreated tall men [17]. Analyses of tall men treated with 500 mg testosterone every 2 weeks and control men revealed no differences in any ejaculate parameter [17,18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Tall Stature in Boys: Comparison of Two Different Treatment Regimens

Reinehr

Gueldensupp²,

Wünsch³

et al. 2011

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background: High-dose testosterone treatment is a well-known, though still controversial, therapy in boys with tall stature. Methods: 161 boys with constitutional tall stature were treated at two different treatment centers (center A 114 patients; center B 47 patients). In center A, boys were treated with 500 mg and in center B with 250 mg testosterone enanthate intramuscularly every 2 weeks. Predicted adult height (PAH) was calculated according to the Bayley/Pinneau method using the Greulich-Pyle method for bone age determination. Results:At onset of treatment, the patients at the two centers did not differ with respect to chronological age (center A 14.2 ± 1.3 years; center B 13.5 ± 1.1 years), height (center A 187.8 ± 7.3 cm; center B 185.5 ± 5.5 cm), bone age (center A 13.8 ± 0.8 years; center B 13.6 ± 0.7 years), or PAH (center A 205.2 ± 5.2 cm; center B 204.8 ± 5.5 cm). Mean treatment duration was significantly longer in center A than in center B (14.2 ± 4.0 vs. 11.3 ± 2.2 months). At the end of the testosterone treatment, PAH did not differ significantly (center A 197.7 ± 5.3 cm; center B 196.1 ± 4.7 cm). The mean reduction in PAH at the end of treatment was 7.6 ± 5.0 cm (center A) and 8.7 ± 5.6 cm (center B) which is ∼50% of the expected growth at onset of treatment. Conclusions: A testosterone enanthate dose of 250 mg every 2 weeks was as effective in reducing adult height in boys with tall stature as a dose of 500 mg every 2 weeks.

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Fatherhood in Tall Men Treated with High-Dose Sex Steroids during Adolescence

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Fertility potential in men with a history of congenital undescended testes: a long‐term follow‐up study

Fertility potential in men with a history of congenital undescended testes: a long‐term follow‐up study

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Medical consequences of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids: effects on reproductive functions

Treatment of Tall Stature in Boys: Comparison of Two Different Treatment Regimens

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