ork shapes the lives of Canadian adults and those they care for. Two thirds of Canadian adults participate in the workforce, including over 70% of men and over 60% of women aged 25 and over. 1 Work determines Canadians' income and shapes their health by influencing where they live, framing their social environment and defining their exposures. Working conditions are one of the most important determinants of health for adults, and for the children and elderly family members they care for. In 2007, in Canada, 68% of mothers with children under age 6 were employed, as were 80% of mothers with children aged 6-15. 2 In addition, an estimated 2.85 million or more Canadians provide care and assistance to family members in need of support, 3 and almost half of these caregivers are employed either full-or part-time. 4 This article examines provincial and territorial policies in Canada with respect to three forms of paid leave that have the potential to substantially affect the health of workers and their families: paid sick leave for employees, paid leave to care for the health of family members and paid parental leave. Research has shown that taking the necessary time to rest and recuperate when sick encourages a faster recovery 5 and can prevent minor health conditions from progressing into more serious illnesses that require more costly medical treatment and longer absences from work. 6-8 Without paid sick days, working families are placed at risk economically, experiencing wage and job loss when they take time off to care for themselves or for family members. 9-12 Paid sick days make an enormous difference in adults' ability to return to work and keep their jobs after both major and minor illnesses. In a study of US nurses, paid sick days were the only benefit that was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of returning to work: nurses with paid sick days were 2.6 times more likely to return to work after a heart attack or angina. 13 Paid sick days can also benefit employers by limiting the spread of infectious diseases in the workplace. 14,15 As just one example, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that Americans stay home when sick with influenza, a disease that leads to 200,000 hospitalizations and over 36,000 deaths in an average year. 16,17 In fact, recent studies have documented that the costs incurred as a result of sick employees coming to work often surpass the costs of sick employees staying home. 18,19 In health care and service settings, providing sick days also helps protect patients and customers. For instance, rates of respiratory and gastrointestinal outbreaks are lower among residents in nursing homes that provide their employees with paid sick days. 20 Workplace policies are also essential to adults' ability to meet their families' health needs. Studies of hospitalized children have