Fate of thallium during precalciner cement production and the atmospheric emissions

Huang, Yiming; Liu, Jinling; Feng, Xinbin; Hu, Guojia; Li, Xinyu; Zhang, Leiming; Yang, Lu; Wang, Guan; Sun, Guangyi; Li, Zhonggen

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2021.05.013

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Both were around 1 and were similar to the enrichment factors for Pb (0.91-1.03) and Cd (0.99-1.1) in CPs [38]. However, during the clinker production, volatile metals like Tl and Hg had much higher enrichment factors (85-148 for Tl and 6-104 for Hg) [29,37], which was ascribed to the accumulation of these elements during the clinker production process. The close to 1 Zn enrichment factor in this study suggested that Zn was roughly balanced during clinker production, with the daily Zn output equivalent to the daily input.…”

Section: Mass Flow Of Zn During Clinker and Cement Productionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…During the clinker-to-cement production process, clinker was the main Zn input (63-96%), coal fly ash and other additives contributed a lesser portion of 3-36%, while retarder (desulphurisation gypsum) contributed the least (0.5%), both due to its lowest Zn concentration (6-7 mg•kg −1 ) and low mass contribution (4-5%). However, desulphurisation gypsum and coal fly ash are major contributors for some other metals (e.g., Hg and Tl) in cement products [29,37]. For different brands of Portland cement, such as Portland ordinary cement (P.O 425) and Portland composite cement (P.C 425), there were minimal variations (<10%) in the Zn concentration outputs for the same CP.…”

Section: Mass Flow Of Zn During Clinker and Cement Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substance Flow Analysis of Zinc in Two Preheater–Precalciner Cement Plants and the Associated Atmospheric Emissions

Huang

et al. 2022

Atmosphere

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Atmospheric emission of heavy metals from different anthropogenic sources is a great concern to human beings due to their toxicities. In order to disclose the emission levels and the distribution patterns of zinc (Zn) in the modern cement industry with respect to its low boiling point (~900 °C) comparing to the high-temperature (1450 °C) clinker production process, solid samples representing the input and output flow of Zn during the entire production process in two preheater–precalciner cement plants (CPs) were collected and analyzed. For the first time, it was found that the behaviour of Zn inside different precalciner CPs was similar despite a huge difference in the Zn inputs to the CPs; namely, almost all the Zn input was output in clinker, which was then mixed with different additives and retarder to make cement products. The high-temperature clinkerisation process would incorporate Zn into the aluminosilicate of clinker. As a result, there was no enrichment of Zn during clinker production and the atmospheric emission factor was relatively low at 0.002%, or 1.28–9.39 mg Zn·t−1 clinker. Our result for the atmospheric Zn emissions from CPs was much lower than most previous reports, implying the CPs were not a crucial Zn emission source. However, the higher load of Zn in some raw/alternative materials—like nonferrous smelting slag with a Zn content of ~2%—could greatly increase the content of Zn in clinker and cement products. Therefore, further investigation on the environmental stability of Zn in such Zn-laden cement and concrete should be carried out.

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Section: Mass Flow Of Zn During Clinker and Cement Productionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Mass Flow Of Zn During Clinker and Cement Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance Flow Analysis of Zinc in Two Preheater–Precalciner Cement Plants and the Associated Atmospheric Emissions

Huang

et al. 2022

Atmosphere

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“…Enrichment factors of different heavy metals in the three CPs (Hg in CP #3 is internal unpublished data, Tl in the three CPs are quoted from ref and Hg in CPs #1 and #2 are quoted from ref ; re-use this figure with permission from Elsevier).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…These phenomena were much different to that of Hg and Tl, which have hardly been found in the clinkers. 7,46 In addition, the results of this study were also different to previous speculations that Pb and Cd been volatilized at high temperature and concentrated in kiln tail dust. 12,13 This might be controlled by many factors that would restrict the volatilization of these elements during the clinker sintering process (clinkerization) in preheater, precalciner, and rotary kiln.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are shown in Figure , and the enrichment factors of Pb and Cd in three CPs were all around 1, in particular, the enrichment factors of Pb were 0.96, 0.91, and 1.03, while those of Cd were 1.1, 0.99, and 1.03 in CP #1, CP #2, and CP #3, respectively. However, the enrichment factors of Hg and Tl in the three CPs were 5.9, 104, and 39 and 148, 85, and 93, respectively (Figure ). The high enrichment factors of Tl and Hg indicated the obvious enrichment in the system of CPs; thus, close to 1 of enrichment factor of Pb and Cd in this study suggests Pb and Cd were roughly balanced during the clinker productions, namely, the daily Pb or Cd output is equal to the daily input.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate of Lead and Cadmium in Precalciner Cement Plants and Their Atmospheric Releases

et al. 2021

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Disclosing the fate of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) during the cement production process is the key to control their atmospheric emissions, which have not attracted much attention yet. In this study, three precalciner cement plants (CPs) using different raw materials in Guizhou Province in Southwest China were investigated. It showed that the concentrations of Pb and Cd in different raw materials and the associated total metal input of these materials were different among CPs; the behavior of Pb and Cd were almost the same during the clinker production process that there has been no accumulation of these two elements inside the system, and nearly all input of Pb and Cd were discharged by the clinker. Although the temperature of clinkerization was pretty high of 1450 °C, the atmospheric emission ratio of both metals was negligible (<0.006% for Pb and <0.002% for Cd of the total output, respectively); the main reason might be that the two elements were incorporated into the minerals of clinker, either as silicate or sulfate. The long-term environmental impacts of some high Pb-and Cd-laden clinkers and cement need to be monitored and evaluated.

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Increased atmospheric thallium threats to populated areas: A mini review

Liu,

Huang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Fate of thallium during precalciner cement production and the atmospheric emissions

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Substance Flow Analysis of Zinc in Two Preheater–Precalciner Cement Plants and the Associated Atmospheric Emissions

Substance Flow Analysis of Zinc in Two Preheater–Precalciner Cement Plants and the Associated Atmospheric Emissions

Fate of Lead and Cadmium in Precalciner Cement Plants and Their Atmospheric Releases

Increased atmospheric thallium threats to populated areas: A mini review

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