Fate of prions in soil: Longevity and migration of recPrP in soil columns

Cooke, Cindy M.; Shaw, G.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.030

Cited by 24 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…If the sole contribution to RecPrP adsorption was afforded by the clay fraction, then the specific adsorption capacity deducted by the clay content of each soil would be 30.5/0.23 (10) were, conversely, much lower (2-3 and 14-27 µg mg -1 respectively). The aggregates from CM and SS soils contained small amounts of expandible clays (e.g., montmorillonite).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…To date, the persistence and/or of the retention of infectivity of prion proteins in soil was demonstrated (8,10,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) along with a different contribution of the soil constituents in fixing the prion. Rigou et al (6) found that at least 95% of RecPrP was retained by homoionic Wyoming montmorillonite for protein/clay ratios varying from 500:1 to 1:1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate of Prions in Soil: Interactions of RecPrP with Organic Matter of Soil Aggregates as Revealed by LTA-PAS

Pucci

D’Acqui

Calamai

2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The contribution of soil organic matter (OM) to the adsorption of a recombinant prion protein (RecPrP) was studied in microcosm systems (soil aggregates from two different soils) before and after OM removal by low temperature ashing (LTA). The LTA technique allows a controlled removal of OM layer by layer, like a peeling of an onion skin, with minimal disturbance of the mineral matrix. Soil aggregates were selected as a representative model of the "in situ" conditions. Adsorption from batch vs percolation experiments were compared, and the aggregates were characterized by photoacustic Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (PAS-FTIR). High affinity (H-type) adsorption isotherms were found with complete removal of RecPrP from solution for protein/soil ratios up to 1:62.5. OM removal from aggregates decreased the adsorbed RecPrP in amounts corresponding to 330-1000 microg mg(-1) of soil organic carbon (OC) indicating that native OM has specific adsorption capacity comparable and/or superior to the mineral matrix. The coupled LTA-PAS-FTIR approach demonstrated that, albeit OM composition was homogeneous throughout the aggregates, its presence in the most external surfaces of the aggregates affects the diffusion dynamics of RecPrP within the aggregates during percolation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Prions in Soil: Interactions of RecPrP with Organic Matter of Soil Aggregates as Revealed by LTA-PAS

Pucci

D’Acqui

Calamai

2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Detergent and boiling extraction methods typically have very low PrP recoveries (5-40%), presumably due to the strong and near-irreversible binding of PrP to soil particles (16,24). In addition, it is likely that desorption selects for a certain PrP population, such as loosely-bound aggregates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prion Protein Adsorption to Soil in a Competitive Matrix Is Slow and Reduced

Saunders

Bartz

Bartelt–Hunt³

2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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It is likely that the soil environment serves as a stable reservoir of infectious CWD and scrapie prions, as well as a potential reservoir of BSE. Prion adsorption to soil could play an important role in prion mobility, proteolysis, and infectivity. We modified previously published methods to quantify adsorbed prions via direct detection and studied prion adsorption to soil and soil minerals as a function of time through 60 days. Prion-infected brain homogenate was used as a complex, relevant prion source. We determined that maximum PrP adsorption requires days or weeks, depending on the soil or mineral, and is two to five orders of magnitude lower than previous studies using purified PrP Sc or recPrP. Because PrP adsorption to soil is slow and reduced in tissue homogenate, the possibility of prion transport in soil environments cannot be excluded and requires further investigation. Our results indicate that binding to soil may protect prions from degradation, consistent with prions' longevity in the environment. Adsorption of PrP to sterilized soil did not differ significantly from adsorption to unsterilized soil, which suggests that active biological processes do not significantly affect prion adsorption or degradation in the soil environment.

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“…Recoveries reported are 61-67% (wastewater sludge) 84 and 5-40% for sandy and clay soils. 74,75 An electroelution method developed by Rigou et al reported similar recoveries (5-40%). 73 It is likely that desorption selects for a certain PrP population, such as loosely-bound aggregates.…”

Section: Routes Of Entry Occurrence and Detection In The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…80,84 To date, only one study has directly evaluated the mobility of prions in soil. 75 In this study, recPrP was placed in a soil column and unsaturated pore water scrapie tissue, transgenic tissue might be used as PrP source material for environmental fate studies.…”

Section: Routes Of Entry Occurrence and Detection In The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prions in the environment

Saunders

Bartelt–Hunt

Bartz

2008

Prion

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Scrapie and CWD are horizontally transmissible, and the environment likely serves as a stable reservoir of infectious prions, facilitating a sustained incidence of CWD in free-ranging cervid populations and complicating efforts to eliminate disease in captive herds. Prions will enter the environment through mortalities and/ or shedding from live hosts. Unfortunately, a sensitive detection method to identify prion contamination in environmental samples has not yet been developed. An environmentally-relevant prion model must be used in experimental studies. Changes in PrP Sc structure upon environmental exposure may be as significant as changes in PrP Sc quantity, since the structure can directly affect infectivity and disease pathology. Prions strongly bind to soil and remain infectious. Conformational changes upon adsorption, competitive sorption and potential for desorption and transport all warrant further investigation. Mitigation of contaminated carcasses or soil might be accomplished with enzyme treatments or composting in lieu of incineration.

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Fate of prions in soil: Longevity and migration of recPrP in soil columns

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

Fate of Prions in Soil: Interactions of RecPrP with Organic Matter of Soil Aggregates as Revealed by LTA-PAS

Fate of Prions in Soil: Interactions of RecPrP with Organic Matter of Soil Aggregates as Revealed by LTA-PAS

Prion Protein Adsorption to Soil in a Competitive Matrix Is Slow and Reduced

Prions in the environment

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