Fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the North Pacific to the Arctic: Field measurements and fugacity model simulation

Microplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Xiamen coastal areas: Implications for anthropogenic impacts

“…For dissolved PAHs, the pre-treatment procedure was described in our previous paper in detail (Cai et al, 2016a;Ke et al, 2017). In brief, the targets on SPE cartridges were eluted with 10 mL of ethyl acetate (SIGMA-ALDRICH, HPLC, USA), with 8-9 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate (pre-combusted) (GB/T9853-2008) on its top to remove the water.…”

Particulate Export of PAHs Firstly Traced by 210Po/210Pb Disequilibrium: Implication on the “Shelf Sink Effect” in the Arctic Ocean

“…In the basin area of the Bering Sea, its inflows are mainly from the Alaskan Stream, a northern boundary current of the cyclonic North Pacific subarctic gyre providing relatively fresh water (Stabeno et al., 2018). PAHs in the surface water of the Bering Basin are mainly from long‐range transport through ocean currents or air, hence tending at relatively low levels due to the degradation during the transport process (Ke et al., 2017; Zheng et al., 2021). While in the shelf area of the Bering Sea, surface currents carry Anadyr Water, Bering Shelf Water, and Alaska Coastal Water flow into the Chukchi Sea through the Bering Strait.…”

“…In addition, for analysis of particulate PAHs, 20 L of seawater samples were collected in the upper 0–30 m water column at stations BL13, BL16, and BM06, and 10 L seawater samples were collected for analysis of 210 Po and 210 Pb in the upper 0–30 m water column at stations BL13 and BL16. The sampling volumes are same as those given in our previous studies (Cai et al., 2016; Hu et al., 2014; Ke et al., 2017; M. Liu, Hu, et al., 2021; Ma et al., 2017). Details of the stations and sampling depth are shown in the Supporting Information in Table .…”

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of semivolatile organic compounds of great concern due to their toxicity and carcinogenic effects on humans and ecosystems (Cabrerizo et al., 2014; Cai et al., 2016; Gong et al., 2021; Gonzalez‐Gaya et al., 2016; Gustafsson et al., 1997; Ma et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2020). They have ongoing emissions from pyrogenic or petrogenic sources, and could arrive in polar regions through long‐range transport through the air or ocean currents, as their reported existence in Arctic seawater, marine sediment, freshwater, snow, air, soil, and biota (Balmer et al., 2019; Ding et al., 2007; Ke et al., 2017; Lin et al., 2020; Lohmann et al., 2009; Rigét et al., 2019; Yunker et al., 2002; Zheng et al., 2021). Important source regions of PAHs surround the Arctic Ocean, Eurasia, and North America, accounting for 30% of global pollutant emissions (Chen et al., 2021; Shen et al., 2013; Zhang & Tao, 2009).…”

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of PAHs in Surface Sediments from Western Arctic and Subarctic Oceans

“…Over the past three decades, PAHs have been monitored mainly in heavily contaminated coastal regions and polluted industrialized zones [ 2 , 17 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], while investigations in the remote pelagic environments like the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans are sparse as the harsh climate and environment create difficulties for sampling. Despite this, scientists have done a relatively great job concerning POP research in the air and surface water of the Arctic and Subarctic Oceans [ 28 , 31 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. However, there are relatively few studies that have measured concentrations in deep ocean waters or bottom sediments, with some marine sediment studies being limited to coastal area such as the mid- and western Russian Arctic [ 41 , 42 ]; Norwegian Arctic [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]; Mackenzie shelf area [ 46 ]; Saglek Bay, Labrador, Canada [ 47 ]; and the Gulf of Alaska [ 48 ].…”