Fate of imidacloprid in soil and plant after application to cotton seeds

Systemic effects of thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole seed treatments on adult Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in rice

“…With respect to the latter factor, higher accumulation of TMX at the tips of rice leaves than in basal regions of leaves after foliar treatment has been reported . Similarly, in cotton treated as seeds with imidacloprid, insecticidal concentrations were higher in apical portions of leaf blades than in central portions …”

Soil microbial degradation of neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiacloprid and imidaclothiz and its effect on the persistence of bioefficacy against horsebean aphid Aphis craccivora Koch after soil application

“…The measurements were: pH 6.0, organic matter 17.24 g kg −1 , cation exchange capacity 21.61 cmol kg −1 . Soil samples were pretreated by the method of Sarkar et al 18 Soil sterilisation was done according to the method by El‐Hamady et al 8…”

“…Furthermore, soil stability should involve chemical and biological degradation,5 and therefore it is still unclear whether neonicotinoid insecticides undergo chemical degradation and whether soil microbial degradation is predominant. El‐Hamady et al 8 investigated the influence of plant and soil microbes on the degradation of IMI after its application as dressing of cotton seeds and the mass balance of this compound in soil and cotton plants. However, they did not obtain a definite result concerning the relationship of soil microbes and the persistence of IMI, and the metabolic pathway and persistence of bioefficacy of IMI in soil were not involved.…”

Ozonation of imidacloprid in aqueous solutions: Reaction monitoring and identification of degradation products

“….). It was first introduced in 1991 for the treatment of corn [2,6], cereals [3,7,8], sunflower [9], cotton [10], . .…”