Fate of bisphenol S (BPS) and characterization of non-extractable residues in soil: Insights into persistence of BPS

Cao, Siqi; Wang, Songfeng; Zhao, Yingying; Wang, Lianhong; Ma, Yudao; Schäffer, Andreas; Ji, Rong

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105908

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Chemical analysis of the silylation extract representing type I NER showed the dominant presence of the parent substance. 37 Regarding the persistence assessment of bisphenol S, the NER fraction does considerably increase its degradation half-life, if the parent substance released by silylation has to be added to the amounts released by extraction with organic solvents in the context of degradation experiments. On the other hand, pendimethalin, forming about one third of the applied amount as NER, was shown to predominantly belong to the type II fraction with only low potential of remobilization under natural conditions and thus being of little environmental concern.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paper Environmental Science: Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silylation: a reproducible method for characterization of non-extractable residues (NER) of organic chemicals in the assessment of persistence

Hennecke

Kruse

Bräutigam

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paper Environmental Science: Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silylation: a reproducible method for characterization of non-extractable residues (NER) of organic chemicals in the assessment of persistence

Hennecke

Kruse

Bräutigam

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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“…Recently, silylation has been applied to characterize the NERs of bisphenol S (BPS), a substitute for bisphenol A. Bisphenol S forms high amounts of NER (45% of the applied amount), of which half (51%) has been shown to be type 1 and another third (32%) type 2. Chemical analysis of the silylation extract representing type 1 NER revealed that it contains mainly the parent substance (Cao et al, 2020 ). In contrast, up to 15.5% of total 32% NER, formed by the herbicide pendimethalin, could be released by silylation from exhaustively extracted soil, and only trace amounts (<0.4% of applied) were related to the parent substance (Luks et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Current and Future Options In Persistence Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific concepts and methods for moving persistence assessments into the 21st century

Davenport

Curtis-Jackson

Dalkmann

et al. 2022

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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The evaluation of a chemical substance's persistence is key to understanding its environmental fate, exposure concentration, and, ultimately, environmental risk. Traditional biodegradation test methods were developed many years ago for soluble, nonvolatile, single-constituent test substances, which do not represent the wide range of manufactured chemical substances. In addition, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) screening and simulation test methods do not fully reflect the environmental conditions into which substances are released and, therefore, estimates of chemical degradation half-lives can be very uncertain and may misrepresent real environmental processes. In this paper, we address the challenges and limitations facing current test methods and the scientific advances that are helping to both understand and provide solutions to them. Some of these advancements include the following: (1) robust methods that provide a deeper understanding of microbial composition, diversity, and abundance to ensure consistency and/or interpret variability between tests; (2) benchmarking tools and reference substances that aid in persistence evaluations through comparison against substances with well-quantified degradation profiles; (3) analytical methods that allow quantification for parent and metabolites at environmentally relevant concentrations, and inform on test substance bioavailability, biochemical pathways, rates of primary versus overall degradation, and rates of metabolite formation and decay; (4) modeling tools that predict the likelihood of microbial biotransformation, as well as biochemical pathways; and (5) modeling approaches that allow for derivation of more generally applicable biotransformation rate constants, by accounting for physical and/or chemical processes and test system design when evaluating test data. We also identify that, while such advancements could improve the certainty and accuracy of persistence assessments, the mechanisms and processes by which they are translated into regulatory practice and development of new OECD test guidelines need improving and accelerating. Where uncertainty remains, holistic weight of evidence approaches may be required to accurately assess the persistence of chemicals. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;1-34.

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“…The majority of studies employed acidic extraction of NER by 6 M HCl with subsequent determination of selected amino acids (AA) and calculation of total amino acids (tAA) from the typical composition of microbial biomass (Table 1) as proxy for bioNER. Two studies, Cao et al (2020) [27] and Luks et al (2021) [26] , measured total NER and, by silylation, the fraction of NER I and II. NER III (bioNER) was then calculated as bioNER = total NER -NER I -NER II.…”

Section: Experimental Data From Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Critical evaluation of the Microbial Turnover to Biomass approach for the estimation of biogenic non-extractable residue

Trapp

Brock

Kästner

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Persistence is a key criterion for the risk assessment of chemicals. In degradation tests, microbial biodegradation of labeled test chemicals leads to the incorporation of the label in microbial biomass, resulting in biogenic non-extractable residues (bioNER), which are not considered as harmful in persistence assessment. The amount of bioNER can be estimated using the Microbial Turnover to Biomass (MTB) model. MTB estimates the biomass growth during productive degradation of a compound from theoretical growth yield and CO2-formation and gives an upper and a lower value for bioNER formation. Results We collected experimental data in order to test accuracy and precision of this estimation method. In total, 16 experimental studies were found in literature where bioNER was experimentally quantified. Hereof, 13 studies used the amount of label recovered from total amino acid (tAA) content as proxy for bioNER. Unfortunately, the comparison with experimental data was difficult due to the variety of employed methods. A conversion factor is required to extrapolate from tAA on bioNER, and this factor may vary during the experiment and between experiments. The bioNER formation for all compounds tested was calculated with the MTB method, and the outcome was compared to measured tAA as proxy for bioNER. The relation between predicted and measured bioNER was significant, but no better correlation was obtained than with CO2 to tAA. The mean absolute error of the prediction (low MTB versus tAA) was 5% (unit applied label, %aL). Large deviations between experimentally determined bioNER and the calculated result for some compounds may indicate problems in the experimental determination of bioNER. Conclusions MTB thus provides a robust model for determining of the potential amounts of biomass and bioNER formed from the degradation of organic chemicals.

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Fate of bisphenol S (BPS) and characterization of non-extractable residues in soil: Insights into persistence of BPS

Cited by 31 publications

References 46 publications

Silylation: a reproducible method for characterization of non-extractable residues (NER) of organic chemicals in the assessment of persistence

Silylation: a reproducible method for characterization of non-extractable residues (NER) of organic chemicals in the assessment of persistence

Scientific concepts and methods for moving persistence assessments into the 21st century

Critical evaluation of the Microbial Turnover to Biomass approach for the estimation of biogenic non-extractable residue

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