Fate of Alkali Metals and Phosphorus of Rapeseed Cake in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Part 2: Cocombustion with Coal

Piotrowska, Patrycja; Zevenhoven, Maria; Davidsson, Kent; Hupa, Mikko; Åmand, Lars-Erik; Barišić, Vesna; Zabetta, Edgardo Coda

doi:10.1021/ef100482n

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, at elevated temperature (750°C and an ER of 0.28) the results are in line with findings reported. 34,35 The fate of N, S, and Cl bound with the feedstock is presented in the section 3.5 ( Table 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poultry Litter Gasification in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: Effects of Gasifying Agent and Limestone Addition

et al. 2016

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Air and air-steam gasification of poultry litter was experimentally studied in a laboratory scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier at atmospheric pressure using silica sand as the bed material. The effects of equivalence ratio (ER), gasifier temperature, steam-to-biomass ratio (SBR), and addition of limestone blended with the poultry litter, on product gas species yields and process efficiency, are discussed. The optimum conditions (maximum carbon conversion, gas yield, heating value, and cold gas efficiency) were achieved at an ER 0.25 and 800°C, using air (SBR = 0) and poultry litter blended with 8% w/w limestone, yielding a product gas with a lower heating value (LHV) of 4.52 MJ/Nm 3 and an average product gas composition (dry basis) of H 2 : 10.78%, CO: 9.38%, CH 4 : 2.61, and CO 2 : 13.13. Under these optimum processing conditions, the cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion efficiency, and hydrogen conversion efficiency were 89, 73, and 43% respectively. The reported NH 3 measurement at an ER of 0.28 and 750°C is 2.7% (equivalent to 19,300 mg/Nm 3) with 14.7 mg/Nm 3 of HCl observed as the dry product gas. High temperature and steam injection favor production of CO and H 2 , while their effect on CH 4 was almost negligible. It is demonstrated that poultry litter can be gasified by blending with limestone, making it possible to overcome the fluidization problems caused by the mineral composition of poultry litter ash (high K and P content), yielding a gas with a similar heating value compared to gasifying without limestone addition, but with a significantly lower tar content.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poultry Litter Gasification in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: Effects of Gasifying Agent and Limestone Addition

et al. 2016

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“…The optimal blending ratio of 40wt% lignite and 60 wt% wood for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was also suggested. 6 Most biomass used in co-gasification processes are woody biomasses, agricultural residues and municipal wastes. However the recent use of aquatic biomass, such as algae, for energy production 17 has received attention due to the short growth cycle, high production yield, high CO 2 fixation and flexible growing conditions 18 since it can be cultivated using low-grade water and non-arable land 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cogasification of Australian Brown Coal with Algae in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

et al. 2015

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Recently the use of algae for CO 2 abatement, wastewater treatment and energy production has increasingly gained attention worldwide. In order to explore the potential of using algae as an alternative fuel as well as the possible challenges related to the algae gasification process, two species of macroalgae, Derbesia tenuissima and Oedogonium sp., and one type of microalgae, Scenedesmus sp. were studied in this research. In this work, Oedogonium sp. was cultivated with two protocols: producing biomass with both high and low levels of nitrogen content. Cogasification of 10 wt% algae with an Australian brown coal were performed in a fluidized bed reactor and the effects of algae addition on syngas yield, ash composition and bed agglomeration were investigated. It was found that CO and H 2 yield increased and CO 2 yield decreased after adding three types of macroalgae in the coal, with a slight increase of carbon conversion rate, compared to the coal alone experiment. In the case of coal/Scenedesmus sp, the carbon conversion rate decreased with lower CO/CO 2 /H 2 yield as compared to coal alone. Samples of fly ash, bed ash, and bed material agglomerates were analysed using scanning electron microscopy combined with an energy dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that both the fly ash and bed ash samples from all coal/macroalgae tests contained more Na and K as compared to the coal test. High Ca and Fe contents were also found in the fly ash and bed ash from the coal/Scenedesmus sp test.Significant differences in the characteristics and compositions of the ash layer on the bed particles were observed from the different tests. Agglomerates were found in the bed material samples after the co-gasification tests of coal/ Oedogonium N+ and coal/ Oedogonium N-. The formation of liquid alkali-silicates on the sand particles was considered to be the main reason of agglomeration for the coal/ Oedogonium N+ and coal/ Oedogonium N-tests. Agglomerates of fused ash and tiny silica sand particles were also found in the coal/ Scenedesmus sp test. In this case, however, the formation of a Fe-Al silicate eutectic mixture was proposed to be the main reason of agglomeration. Debersia was suggested to be a potential alternative fuel which can be co-gasified with brown coal without any significant operating problems under the current experimental conditions. However, for the other algae types, appropriate countermeasures are needed to avoid agglomeration and defluidization in the co-gasification process.

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“…Moreover, in previous studies, RS was treated with wood and coal thermally and stated the total P increase during thermal treatment. 19,20 In this study, the total P in RS-150 and LM-210 was highest among the RS and LM derived hydrochars, respectively, indicating that MW-HTC enhanced the total P. For the use of hydrochars for energy application, it was important to understand the role of N because NO x could be released from the combustion, damaging the environment. 30 In this study, N contents in RS and LM derived hydrochars decreased at higher temperatures, illustrating the effective denitrification during MW-HTC.…”

Section: Coalification and Upgradation Of Rs Andmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The RS cake, meal, and residue are typically used as energy by combustion directly or by different alternatives. Piotrowska et al studied RS cake cocombustion with wood and coal and found P and alkali metals contents enhanced after cocombustion. , At the same time, RS residues have been studied for their potential use for amendment and fertilization of the soil. Choi et al studied the RS as a manure amendment for checking soil features and its effect on rice yield …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Potential Applications of Hydrochars Derived from P- and N-Enriched Agricultural and Antibiotic Residues via Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Conversion

et al. 2020

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The effect of treatment temperature on hydrochars’ properties using P- and N-enriched agricultural and antibiotic residues as feedstocks via microwave-assisted hydrothermal conversion (MW-HTC) was investigated in this study. MW-HTC changed the physicochemical properties of hydrochars, nutrient fractions (phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)), and surface functional groups which were characterized by various analysis tools. The N contents in hydrochars derived from rapeseed (RS) and lincomycin (LM) residues were 7.26 and 7.76% at 120 °C, respectively. At 210 °C, those values were reduced to 5.16 and 3.14% accordingly, indicating a higher temperature led to more N release. The speciation of P fractions was affected by temperature, and LM derived hydrochars possessed higher bioavailable P for plants’ nutrient uptake. The atomic ratios of H/C and O/C decreased with treatment temperature for both RS and LM derived hydrochars. LM derived hydrochars were thermally more stable than RS derived hydrochars. RS derived hydrochars exhibited better higher heating value (HHV; 22.0–26.8 MJ/kg) while LM derived hydrochars revealed higher fuel ratio (0.47–0.95). MW-HTC offered a viable route for conversion of P- and N-enriched agricultural and antibiotic residues into highly efficient hydrochars for environment-friendly applications.

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Fate of Alkali Metals and Phosphorus of Rapeseed Cake in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Part 2: Cocombustion with Coal

Abstract: This paper is part 2 in a series of two papers describing the fate of alkali metals and phosphorus during cocombustion of rapeseed cake pellets with different fuels in a 12 MW th CFB boiler. In the first part (

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Poultry Litter Gasification in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: Effects of Gasifying Agent and Limestone Addition

Poultry Litter Gasification in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: Effects of Gasifying Agent and Limestone Addition

Cogasification of Australian Brown Coal with Algae in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

Characterization and Potential Applications of Hydrochars Derived from P- and N-Enriched Agricultural and Antibiotic Residues via Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Conversion

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