Fate and transport of bacteriophage in UK aquifers as surrogates for pathogenic viruses

Collins, Katie; Cronin, Aidan A.; Rueedi, J.; Pedley, Steve; Joyce, E.; Humble, P.; Tellam, John H.

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.09.025

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…28 B has been used in several challenge tests (Åström et al, 2006; Carlander et al, 2000) and has proven to be a rather persistent and conservative model virus in transport and inactivation studies. The somatic coliphage φX174 is well characterized and widely used in transport and inactivation studies (Chu et al, 2001; Chu et al, 2003; Deborde et al, 1999; Collins et al, 2006; Leclerc et al, 2000). However, its ability to mimic the behavior of human rotaviruses has not been verified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term Hygienic Barrier Efficiency of a Compact On‐site Wastewater Treatment System

et al. 2009

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The long-term use of a filter-based, on-site wastewater treatment system increases nutrient discharge to receiving waters and may reduce its hygienic barrier efficiency. The main purpose of this research was to assess the hygienic barrier efficiency and the associated health risks of an on-site system that had exceeded its 5-yr design capacity with respect to phosphorus (P) removal. The system was investigated for bacteria and virus removal and assessed with respect to potential health risks in relation to reuse of effluent for irrigation. The system consists of a septic tank, a pressure-dosed vertical flow biofilter, and an up-flow filter unit with lightweight clay aggregates. The total P concentration in the effluent had increased gradually from initially <0.1 mg P L(-1) during the first 2 yr of operation to 1.8 mg P L(-1) after 5.3 yr. Escherichia coli was used as an indicator organism for fecal bacteria removal, whereas bacteriophages phiX174 and Salmonella typhimurium phage 28B (S.t. 28B) were used to model enteric virus removal. An overall decrease in E. coli removal occurred from a complete (approximately 5.6 log10) reduction during the first 3 yr of operation to 2.6 log10 reduction. The removal amounts of the bacteriophages phiX174 and S.t. 28B were 3.9 and 3.7 log10, respectively. Based on removal of S.t. 28B, the risks of rotavirus infection and disease for the investigated scenarios were above the acceptable level of 10(-4) and 10(-3), respectively, as defined by the World Health Organization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term Hygienic Barrier Efficiency of a Compact On‐site Wastewater Treatment System

et al. 2009

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“… * IEP listed for echovirus 12 is the range of values found in the literature for all echovirus types. Source: [ 36 ] …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of E. coli and Virus Reductions Using Replicate, Bench-Scale Biosand Filter Columns and Two Filter Media

Elliott

Stauber

DiGiano

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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The biosand filter (BSF) is an intermittently operated, household-scale slow sand filter for which little data are available on the effect of sand composition on treatment performance. Therefore, bench-scale columns were prepared according to the then-current (2006–2007) guidance on BSF design and run in parallel to conduct two microbial challenge experiments of eight-week duration. Triplicate columns were loaded with Accusand silica or crushed granite to compare virus and E. coli reduction performance. Bench-scale experiments provided confirmation that increased schmutzdecke growth, as indicated by decline in filtration rate, is the primary factor causing increased E. coli reductions of up to 5-log10. However, reductions of challenge viruses improved only modestly with increased schmutzdecke growth. Filter media type (Accusand silica vs. crushed granite) did not influence reduction of E. coli bacteria. The granite media without backwashing yielded superior virus reductions when compared to Accusand. However, for columns in which the granite media was first backwashed (to yield a more consistent distribution of grains and remove the finest size fraction), virus reductions were not significantly greater than in columns with Accusand media. It was postulated that a decline in surface area with backwashing decreased the sites and surface area available for virus sorption and/or biofilm growth and thus decreased the extent of virus reduction. Additionally, backwashing caused preferential flow paths and deviation from plug flow; backwashing is not part of standard BSF field preparation and is not recommended for BSF column studies. Overall, virus reductions were modest and did not meet the 5- or 3-log10 World Health Organization performance targets.

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“…Therefore the objectives of this study are: (i) to adequately measure the charge and hydrophobicity of different phages currently used in environmental studies, (ii) to address their adhesion onto various membranes of practical interest, and (iii) to analyze the relationship between virus adhesion capacity and virus interfacial properties as determined in (i). The phages selected in this study are classically used as viral surrogates in the environment: MS2, Phi X 174 and PRD1 phages [20][21][22]. The F-specific RNA bacteriophage MS2 is a member of Leviviridae family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoelectric point is an inadequate descriptor of MS2, Phi X 174 and PRD1 phages adhesion on abiotic surfaces

Dika

Duval

Francius

et al. 2015

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Fate and transport of bacteriophage in UK aquifers as surrogates for pathogenic viruses

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Long‐term Hygienic Barrier Efficiency of a Compact On‐site Wastewater Treatment System

Long‐term Hygienic Barrier Efficiency of a Compact On‐site Wastewater Treatment System

Investigation of E. coli and Virus Reductions Using Replicate, Bench-Scale Biosand Filter Columns and Two Filter Media

Isoelectric point is an inadequate descriptor of MS2, Phi X 174 and PRD1 phages adhesion on abiotic surfaces

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