Fate and spatial distribution of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in the water column and in the surface sediment of Indonesian Estuary (Citarum River Estuary)

Fahimah, Nurul; Oginawati, Katharina; Suharyanto, Suharyanto

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202014807007

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…115 of 2003. The pollution index (PI) method was used to determine the level of water quality pollution based on permitted quality standards with Equation (1) [FAHIMAH et al 2020]. P I j ¼ ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi…”

Section: Water Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Journal of Water and Land Development

2022

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This study explains water quality in terms of seven heavy metals in the Upstream Citarum River and analyses human health risk (non-carcinogenic risk) for adults and children. Water samples were collected from five sampling locations along the Upstream Citarum River, i.e. from Majalaya Sub-District to Dayeuhkolot Sub-District. The contents of heavy metals were analysed by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) variant 240 FS. The results of the analysis showed that the pollution index value, which was categorised as slightly polluted from the highest to the lowest value, was as follows: location 4 (4.220) > location 1 (3.764) > location 2 (3.219) > location 5 (2.967) > location 3 (2.800). Values of the hazard index (HI) for adults and children were as follows: Pb > Cr > Cd > Zn > Ni > Co > Cu. Pb and Cr have HI values greater than 1. This indicates that these metals can have a negative impact on public health. The HI in the ingestion pathway was greater than that of the dermal pathway, and the HI value for children was greater than that for adults. Further research is needed regarding the health risks from groundwater around the area which is used directly by the community because river water and groundwater systems are interconnected through streambeds.

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Section: Water Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Journal of Water and Land Development

2022

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“…Estuaries are receptors for various organic and inorganic pollutants from anthropogenic sources (Liu et al, 2019). The Citarum River estuary is an area that has a great opportunity for the presence of heavy metals because it receives impacts from the upstream and middle parts of the Citarum River due to water flowing from upstream to downstream of the Citarum River (Fahimah et al, 2020). In the Citarum River Basin, there are 597 large industries and out of 176 industries produce hazardous and toxic waste of 119,685.03 tons per month (Idris et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High salinity affects high pH and changes in pH in estuaries affect metal behavior which can change speciation and binding of dissolved heavy metals (Mosley & Liss, 2020). The increase in salinity and ionic strength in estuary waters will affect the strength of the attractive forces between particles and increase the ability of the particles to be able to adsorb heavy metals in dissolved form (Fahimah et al, 2020). Therefore, the concentration of heavy metals in dissolved form in estuary waters will decrease because they experience a high adsorption process and are deposited in sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estuaries are characterized by high salinity, salinity stratification and high turbidity (Maljutenko & Raudsepp, 2019;Fahimah et al, 2021;Zhu et al, 2022). The mixing process in the estuary affects the fate and distribution of heavy metals because of the adsorption-desorption and deposition-resuspension processes and their distribution (Fahimah et al, 2020). High salinity affects high pH and changes in pH in estuaries affect metal behavior which can change speciation and binding of dissolved heavy metals (Mosley & Liss, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we examine more deeply the fate and distribution of heavy metals in the Citarum River estuary on the water column and sediment surface. The study of compounds in the estuary water column was carried out because the concentration of compounds in the waters experienced differences in several depth layers, as stated by Guliyev et al (2014) and Niu et al (2021) that the concentration of heavy metals is influenced by water depth, Kontas (2012) and Fahimah et. al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate and Spatial Distribution of Co, Cr and Ni in the Water Column and in the Surface Sediment of Indonesian Estuary (Citarum River Estuary)

Fahimah

Oginawati

Salami

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Citarum River estuary is directly connected to the Java Sea and is characterized by high salinity and turbidity. Estuaries are heavy metal receptors from anthropogenic sources. There is the potential for heavy metals in the sediment to be released back into the water column which can cause secondary contamination in the water column, this is influenced by hydrodynamic conditions and environmental factors. Water samples at 3 depth layers (surface, middle and bottom layer or) and samples from the sediment surface were collected to study this. Heavy metals contained in water and sediment samples were analyzed by Flame AAS variant 240FS. The results of investigation showed that Co and Ni in the water column still comply the river water quality standards, Cr are included in the slightly polluted category. In the sediment, Co is categorized as moderately polluted and Cr and Ni are categorized as unpolluted to lightly polluted. Heavy metal pollution in sediments comes from heavy metals in the water column which undergo adsorption and deposition processes or vice versa. Co, Cr and Ni in the waters of the Citarum River estuary tend to be particulates that are deposited to the bottom of the estuary waters and accumulate in sediments, while only a small part of heavy metals is dissolved in the water column. The distribution of heavy metals in the water column to the sediment and vice versa tends to occur in one layer (monolayer) and describes the process chemisorption. Ni, Co and Cr have a slightly mobile level and have hydrophobic or lipophilic properties There were significant differences between the concentrations of heavy metals, especially Co and Ni (p < 0.05) in several depth layers. Co and Ni in water and sediment were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01) which indicated that the two metals had the same fate or behavior and came from the same source.

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