Fatalities in the United States Indirectly Associated with Atlantic Tropical Cyclones

Rappaport, Edward N.; Blanchard, Brian W.

doi:10.1175/bams-d-15-00042.1

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The direct health hazards from extreme precipitation events include drowning, physical trauma, and death related to floods, storms, and hurricanes (Alderman, Turner, and Tong 2012;Du et al 2010;Lane et al 2013). Hurricane-related hazards directly caused 2,170 deaths in the United States during 1963-2012 (Rappaport 2014;Rappaport and Blanchard 2016). Associated storm waters were by far the greatest risk accounting for about 70% of those deaths, roughly equally split between storm surge and inland flooding related to rain.…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As staggering as those numbers are, the hazards from hurricanes do not subside as quickly as the wind and water. These indirect hazards can be harder to quantify, but Rappaport and Blanchard (2016) looked at the storms that caused 90% of the direct deaths in the last 50 years, and indirect deaths accounted for 44% of the total deaths. The leading causes of these indirect deaths were increases in cardiovascular mortality in a storm's wake, deaths related to evacuations, and vehicular accidents.…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in extreme events and the potential impacts on human health

Bell

Brown

Conlon

et al. 2018

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

206

122

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Extreme weather and climate events affect human health by causing death, injury, and illness, as well as having large socioeconomic impacts. Climate change has caused changes in extreme event frequency, intensity, and geographic distribution, and will continue to be a driver for change in the future. Some of these events include heat waves, droughts, wildfires, flooding rains, coastal flooding, surges, and hurricanes. The pathways connecting extreme events to health outcomes and economic losses can be diverse and complex. The difficulty in predicting these relationships comes from the local societal and environmental factors that affect disease burden.

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Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in extreme events and the potential impacts on human health

Bell

Brown

Conlon

et al. 2018

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

206

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The impacts of climate change on health are becoming more widely studied, yet the quantification of climate-sensitive health-related costs remains limited, in part because of insufficient surveillance and the data linkages necessary to characterize HAs, EDs, and deaths (see Tables 1 and 2). Recent events, such as Hurricane Maria in 2017, have also shown that our collective understanding of such events improves over time-sometimes illuminating health impacts that are significantly higher than initial reports (Kishore et al, 2018;Rappaport & Blanchard, 2016;Santos-Burgoa et al, 2018). The evidence that does exist suggests that health-related costs associated with climate-sensitive events are significant in the context of other damages inflicted by hazardous weather.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Health‐Related Costs of 10 Climate‐Sensitive U.S. Events During 2012

et al. 2019

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Climate change threatens human health, but there remains a lack of evidence on the economic toll of climate‐sensitive public health impacts. We characterize human mortality and morbidity costs associated with 10 climate‐sensitive case study events spanning 11 US states in 2012: wildfires in Colorado and Washington, ozone air pollution in Nevada, extreme heat in Wisconsin, infectious disease outbreaks of tick‐borne Lyme disease in Michigan and mosquito‐borne West Nile virus in Texas, extreme weather in Ohio, impacts of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey and New York, allergenic oak pollen in North Carolina, and harmful algal blooms on the Florida coast. Applying a consistent economic valuation approach to published studies and state estimates, we estimate total health‐related costs from 917 deaths, 20,568 hospitalizations, and 17,857 emergency department visits of $10.0 billion in 2018 dollars, with a sensitivity range of $2.7–24.6 billion. Our estimates indicate that the financial burden of deaths, hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and associated medical care is a key dimension of the overall economic impact of climate‐sensitive events. We found that mortality costs (i.e., the value of a statistical life) of $8.4 billion exceeded morbidity costs and lost wages ($1.6 billion combined). By better characterizing health damages in economic terms, this work helps to shed light on the burden climate‐sensitive events already place on U.S. public health each year. In doing so, we provide a conceptual framework for broader estimation of climate‐sensitive health‐related costs. The high health‐related costs associated with climate‐sensitive events highlight the importance of actions to mitigate climate change and adapt to its unavoidable impacts.

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“…Approximately 2544 people died in the United States from 1963 to 2012 from tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean [1]. Although hurricanes and tropical storms may bring a variety of severe weather (e.g., rain, wind, tornadoes) that results in property damage, injuries, or deaths, the storm surge from tropical cyclones has historically posed the most deadly hazard, accounting for 49% of the deaths from 1963 to 2012 [1]. Recent hurricanes have produced some noteworthy storm surges that rapidly affected widespread areas and caught coastal dwellers by surprise with respect to the surge depth and force of the water [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence that coastal residents do not possess a full understanding or awareness of the dangers that storm surges can create [1][2][3][7][8][9]. One possible reason for this is that forecasters historically have used the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS) to convey the intensity of hurricanes [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Measurement of Personal Self-Efficacy in Preparing for a Hurricane and Its Role in Modeling the Likelihood of Evacuation

Stewart

2015

JMSE

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Storm surges require that coastal residents make necessary preparations and evacuate the coast prior to hurricane landfall. An important individual characteristic in preparing for tropical cyclones is hurricane personal self-efficacy. Coastal residents who believe that it is possible to prepare for and evacuate ahead of a hurricane (hurricane response possibilities) and, further, believe that they personally can prepare and evacuate (hurricane personal self-efficacy) will be better prepared for hurricanes. In this study the author used a sample of 334 people to evaluate an 8-item self-report measure, the Hurricane Personal Self-Efficacy Scale (HPSES). This measure can be used to assess beliefs that it is possible in general to prepare for a hurricane and that the respondent him or herself can make these preparations and evacuate ahead of a hurricane. A factor analysis confirmed that the items measured two characteristics: (1) beliefs that is it possible for people in general to prepare for a hurricane; and (2) beliefs that the respondent personally could prepare for a hurricane and evacuate. The author also examined the functionality of the measure within a framework that was informed by Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Hurricane response possibility beliefs, prior experiences with hurricane evacuation and hurricane-related property damages, and a tendency for people to sense and observe the weather were all predictive of personal self-efficacy in preparing for hurricanes, R 2 adj = 0.36. In operationalizing other constructs associated with PMT using weather-related psychological measures in a path analysis model, it was found that personal self-efficacy, fear of consequences of the severe and extreme weather, and appraisal of the threats posed by behaviors that could result in injury or death during severe weather together predicted the self-reported likelihood of evacuating, R 2 adj = 0.26.

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Fatalities in the United States Indirectly Associated with Atlantic Tropical Cyclones

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Changes in extreme events and the potential impacts on human health

Changes in extreme events and the potential impacts on human health

Estimating the Health‐Related Costs of 10 Climate‐Sensitive U.S. Events During 2012

The Measurement of Personal Self-Efficacy in Preparing for a Hurricane and Its Role in Modeling the Likelihood of Evacuation

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