Fatal unintentional occupational poisonings by hydrofluoric acid in the U.S.

Blodgett, David W.; Suruda, Anthony; Crouch, Barbara Insley

doi:10.1002/ajim.1090

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Thus, hydrogen fluoride exposure can result in local symptoms such as burns as well as electrolyte abnormalities (e.g., hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia) by changing the concentrations of electrolytes such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium [20,24-28]. In this study, all outpatients had serum calcium within the normal range, and serum calcium did not vary with respect to the distance from the accident site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Acute Symptoms after a Community Hydrogen Fluoride Spill

Woo

Yoon

et al. 2013

Ann of Occup and Environ Med

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ObjectivesThis study was conducted to describe the demographic characteristics, and clinical signs and symptoms of patients who visited a general hospital because of the release of chemically hazardous hydrogen fluoride that occurred on September 27, 2012 in Gumi City, Korea.MethodsThe medical records at 1 general hospital 9 km from the accident site were reviewed using a standardized survey format. There were 1,890 non-hospitalized and 12 hospitalized patients exposed to hydrogen fluoride between September 27 and October 13 2012.ResultsAmong the 12 hospitalized patients, 11 were discharged within 1 week and the other was hospitalized for 10 days. The chief complaints were respiratory symptoms such as hemoptysis and shortness of breath, gastrointestinal symptoms, neurologic symptoms, sore throat, and lip burn.The number of non-hospitalized patients exhibited a bimodal distribution, peaking on the first and twelfth days after the accident. Their chief complaints were sore throat (24.1%), headache (19.1%), cough (13.1%), and eye irritation (9.2%); some patients were asymptomatic (6.2%). Patients who visited the hospital within 3 days (early patients) of the spill more often had shortness of breath (27.0%) and nausea (6.3%) as the chief complaints than patients who visited after 3 days (late patients) (3.5% and 2.6%, respectively). However, cough and rhinorrhea were more common in the late patients (14.0% and 3.3%, respectively) than in the early patients (5.0% and 0.0%, respectively). Patients who were closer to the accident site more often had shortness of breath and sputum as the chief complaints than patients who were farther away. The mean serum calcium concentration was 9.37 mg/dL (range: 8.4–11.0 mg/dL); none of the patients had a decreased serum calcium level. Among 48 pulmonary function test results, 4 showed decreased lung function. None of the patients had abnormal urine fluoride levels on the eighth day after exposure.ConclusionsPatients hospitalized due to chemical hazard release of hydrogen fluoride had acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurologic health problems. Non-hospitalized patients have acute symptoms mainly related to upper respiratory irritation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Acute Symptoms after a Community Hydrogen Fluoride Spill

Woo

Yoon

et al. 2013

Ann of Occup and Environ Med

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“…OSHA investigations have identified four dermal exclusive and 11-mixed exposure deaths over a period of in 11 years. 50 In each case inhalation can be considered a contributing factor. Symptom delays up to 24 hours are common to this form of exposure.…”

Section: Acids and Other Chemicals That Burn Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure of more than 2.5% of the body surface area (BSA) have been reported as a potential bench mark for lethality due to cardiac arrhythmia from hypocalcemia. 50,51 Hydrofluoric acid burns are characterized by intense pain and progressive tissue destruction. After the epidermis is penetrated absorption can readily occur through deeper tissues.…”

Section: Acids and Other Chemicals That Burn Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic toxicity from skin exposures (or what happens when you do not decontaminate)

McDougal¹,

Council²,

Powers³

2007

J. Chem. Health Saf.

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Decontamination of the skin is a process that is incompletely understood and as a result, some decontamination procedures can make penetration of a chemical through the skin worse. Therefore, it is necessary to decontaminate the skin on a rational basis, rather than indiscriminately. Systemic toxicity from skin exposures is the combined result of two chemical characteristics -penetration of the chemical through the skin and toxic potency of the chemical. The range of penetrability and toxic potency for common industrial chemicals varies over several orders of magnitude. Even an extremely toxic chemical that does not penetrate the skin readily may not need decontamination after exposure. The purpose of this review is to provide information about systemic toxicity from skin exposures and how chemical permeability and toxicity are determined, so that an individual may evaluate the necessity for decontamination of chemicals used in his/ her specific workplace.

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“…Flor iyonu doku derinliğinde dokuları tahrib edip penetre olarak sistemik toksisite ve hücresel yıkım meydana getirir. Sistemik olarak alındığında ölüme neden olabilir [3]. İnsan kanında 0.5 mg/L, kemiklerinde % 0.2-1.2 oranında flor bulunur.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Çorum Kargı Yöresi Su ve Mera Bitki Örneklerinde Mevsimsel Flor Düzeyleri

Ertekin¹,

Ilçin²

2017

Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

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ÖzetBu çalışma Çorum Kargı yöresi su ve mera örneklerinde mevsimsel flor düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla planlandı. Örnekleme alanı birinci bölge ve ikinci bölge olarak ikiye ayrıldı. Her bir bölge ova ve yayla olarak ikiye ayrıldı. Ova ve yayladan yedi alan belirlendi. İlkbahar, yaz, sonbahar ve kış mevsimlerinde ova ve yayladan 10 ml'lik polietilen tüplere 28 su ve 28 bitki örneği alındı. Çalışma için 112 su ve 112 bitki örneği alındı. Su flor analizleri yapılıncaya kadar buzdolabında +4 0 C'de saklandı. Mera bitki örnekleri kurutuldu, öğütüldü, analiz edilinceye kadar kuru koşullar altında oda sıcaklığında saklandı. Ovalardan alınan su örneklerinde kış mevsiminde iki bölgede ölçülen flor miktarlarındaki değişiklikler istatistiksel önem arz etti (p<0.05). Yaylalardan alınan su örneklerinde yapılan ölçümlerde sadece 1. bölge ile 2. bölge arasında ilkbaharda bir önem gözlendi (p<0.05). Ovalardan alınan bitki örneklerinde yapılan analizlerde 1. bölge ile 2. bölge arasında yaz mevsiminde bir önem saptandı (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, su ve bitki örneklerinde yapılan flor analizlerinde hesaplanan miktarlar TSE ve Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından belirlenen standart değerler arasında kalmıştır. Hesaplanan sonuçlar bölgede flor toksikasyonu riski olmadığını göstermektedir. Bununla beraber, bölge volkanik bir alan olduğu için kontaminasyon ihtimali göz önüne alınmalı, insan ve hayvan sağlığı açısından düzenli kontroller yapılmalıdır. AbstractThis study was planned to determine the seasonal fluor levels in water and pasture specimens in Çorum Kargı region. The sampling area was divided as first region and second region. Each region was divided as the plain and highland. Seven areas were identified from plain and highland. In the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons were taken 28 water and 28 plant samples from plain and highland with 10 ml polyethylene tubes. 112 water and 112 plant samples were taken for the study. The water was stored in the refrigerator at +4 °C until the fluor analysis was carried out. The pasture plant samples were dried, grinded and stored at room temperature under dry conditions until analysis. Changes in the amount of fluoride measured in two regions in winter season in water samples taken from plains were statistically significant (p<0.05). In the measurements made in water samples taken from highlands, only a significance was observed between the first region and the second region in the spring (p<0.05). In the analyses made on plant samples taken from plains, a significance was determined between the first region and the second region in the summer season (p<0.05). As a result, the amount of fluor quantities calculated in analyses in water and plant samples remained between the standard values determined by TSE and Ministry of Health. The calculated results show that there is no risk of fluor toxicity in the area. However, since it is a volcanic area, possibility of contamination should be taken into account and regular controls should be done in terms of human and animal health.

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Fatal unintentional occupational poisonings by hydrofluoric acid in the U.S.

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Acute Symptoms after a Community Hydrogen Fluoride Spill

Acute Symptoms after a Community Hydrogen Fluoride Spill

Systemic toxicity from skin exposures (or what happens when you do not decontaminate)

Çorum Kargı Yöresi Su ve Mera Bitki Örneklerinde Mevsimsel Flor Düzeyleri

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