Fatal Traffic Injuries Among Children and Adolescents in Three Cities (Capital Budapest, Vilnius, and Tallinn)*

Törő, Klára; Fehér, Szilvia; Dunay, György; Pauliukevičius, Alvydas; Čaplinskienė, Marija; Raudys, Romas; Lepik, Delia; Tuusov, Jana; Väli, Marika

doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01674.x

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Most of the victims were from the oldest age group (between 15 and 19 years of age), and 78% were passengers in motor vehicles, 19% pedestrians (most of the cases represent accidents in the home environment where the car reversed over a child) and only one child died as the result of a bike accident. Similar results were also reported in an article comparing the injuries to children who died from traffic accidents in three capital cities (Budapest, Vilnius, and Tallinn) (Törõ et al, 2011). Poisonings constitute about 7.7 % of all cases of unintentional deaths, and they are mainly caused by carbon monoxide (CO) and medicinal products.…”

Section: Year Injury Deaths (V01-y89) All Deaths Nsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Table 2. Deaths from diseases and injuries among 10-14-year-old children, 2001-2009(Statistics Estonia, 2011 Traffic accidents are the leading health threat to children in many countries (Törõ et al, 2011;Durkin et al, 1999). Although the number of traffic accidents has decreased considerably in Estonia in recent years, including also the number of accidents involving children, transport accidents still prevail among mechanical injuries, constituting 25.8% of external causes of death.…”

Section: Year Injury Deaths (V01-y89) All Deaths Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child Abuse and the External Cause of Death in Estonia

Väli¹,

Tuusov²,

Lang³

et al. 2011

Forensic Medicine - From Old Problems to New Challenges

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Section: Year Injury Deaths (V01-y89) All Deaths Nsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Year Injury Deaths (V01-y89) All Deaths Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Abuse and the External Cause of Death in Estonia

Väli¹,

Tuusov²,

Lang³

et al. 2011

Forensic Medicine - From Old Problems to New Challenges

Self Cite

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“…In the United States, up to 6 million people sustain head injury annually[1-3]. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often graded as mild, moderate, or severe based on the patient’s initial level of consciousness and presenting Glasgow coma score (GCS)[4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female gonadal hormone effects on microglial activation and functional outcomes in a mouse model of moderate traumatic brain injury

Umeano

Wang

Dawson

et al. 2017

WJCCM

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AIMTo address the hypothesis that young, gonad-intact female mice have improved long-term recovery associated with decreased neuroinflammation compared to male mice.METHODSEight to ten week-old male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) mice underwent closed cranial impact. Gonad-intact female mice were injured only in estrus state. After injury, between group differences were assessed using complementary immunohistochemical staining for microglial cells at 1 h, mRNA polymerase chain reaction for inflammatory markers at 1 h after injury, Rotarod over days 1-7, and water maze on days 28-31 after injury.RESULTSMale mice had a greater area of injury (P = 0.0063), F4/80-positive cells (P = 0.032), and up regulation of inflammatory genes compared to female mice. Male and OVX mice had higher mortality after injury when compared to female mice (P = 0.043). No group differences were demonstrated in Rotarod latencies (P = 0.62). OVX mice demonstrated decreased water maze latencies compared to other groups (P = 0.049).CONCLUSIONDifferences in mortality, long-term neurological recovery, and markers of neuroinflammation exist between female and male mice after moderate traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Unexpectedly, OVX mice have decreased long term neurological function after MTBI when compared to gonad intact male and female mice. As such, it can be concluded that the presence of female gonadal hormones may influence behavioural outcomes after MTBI, though mechanisms involved are unclear.

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“…As children increase in age falls may occur from bicycles, skateboards, horses, out of trees or out of windows. Risk of injury to central white matter is increased if an angular or rotational movement of the head occurs during an injury and one of the most frequent scenarios for TBI in children and adolescents within Europe is involvement as a pedestrian in a motor vehicle accident (Parslow et al, 2005; Törő et al, 2011). Once children achieve adolescence, injuries as a result of contact sports may occur with concussion or longer periods of loss of consciousness.…”

Section: Pathology That May Be Viewed By Ct And/or Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic brain injury in the neonate, child and adolescent human: An overview of pathology

Maxwell

2011

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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In the middle of the last century it had been thought that a good recovery of function and behavior would occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in very young human beings. A recent major change in thinking states that early childhood TBI may result in a severe compromise of normal brain growth and development such that TBI, rather, may compromise later normal development resulting in a need for very long term patient care and management. The mechanisms of injury and pathology within the injured brain are reviewed and compared between when injury occurs at or close to the time of birth, in an infant, in a young child, in a child between ages 5 and 10, in young and older adolescents and in young adulthood. Our understanding of pathophysiological responses by cells of the human central nervous system has recently greatly increased but has really only served to illustrate the great complexity of interactions between different types of cell within the growing and developing CNS. The hypothesis is developed that the outcome for a very young patient differs with the relative state of development of injured cells at the locus of injury. And that the potential for either repair, re-instatement of normal cellular and organ function or for continued normal development is much reduced after an early brain insult (EBI) compared with TBI in a slightly older child or young adult patient. The advent of increasingly sophisticated non-invasive imaging technology has allowed assessment of the influence and time course of brain pathology both early and late after TBI. This has generated greater confidence on the part of clinicians in forecasting outcomes for an injured patient. But our increased understanding has still not allowed development of therapeutic strategies that might ameliorate the effect of an injury. It is suggested that an improved integration of major clinical and scientific effort needs to be made to appreciate the import of multiple interactions between cells forming the neurovascular unit in order to improve any potential for post-traumatic recovery after TBI in neonates and young children.

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Fatal Traffic Injuries Among Children and Adolescents in Three Cities (Capital Budapest, Vilnius, and Tallinn)*

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Child Abuse and the External Cause of Death in Estonia

Child Abuse and the External Cause of Death in Estonia

Female gonadal hormone effects on microglial activation and functional outcomes in a mouse model of moderate traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury in the neonate, child and adolescent human: An overview of pathology

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