Fatal necrotizing stomatitis due to Trichoderma longibrachiatum in a neutropenic patient with malignant lymphoma: a case report

Myoken, Yoshinari; Sugata, Tatsumi; Fujita, Yasunori; Asaoku, Hideki; Fujihara, Megumu; Mikami, Yuzuru

doi:10.1054/ijom.2001.0211

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A detailed list of case reports about Trichoderma infections have been summarized by Kredics et al(2003). Typically, these include several isolates from the peritoneal effluent of dialysis patients, infections of immunocompromised transplant recipients, and patients suffering from leukemia, brain abscesses and HIV (Furukawa et al, 1998;Hennequin et al, 2000;Munoz et al, 1997;Myoken et al, 2002 (Kuhls et al, 1999;Kredics et al, 2003).…”

Section: Identity and Origin Of The Facultative Human Pathogenic Tricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma: from barcodes to biodiversity

Kubicek

Komoń-Zelazowska

Druzhinina

2008

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

113

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Abstract:Hypocrea/Trichoderma is a genus of soil-borne or wood-decaying fungi containing members important to mankind as producers of industrial enzymes and biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, but also as opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised humans and animals, while others can cause damage to cultivated mushroom. With the recent advent of a reliable, BarCode-aided identification system for all known taxa of Trichoderma and Hypocrea, it became now possible to study some of the biological fundamentals of the diversity in this fungal genus in more detail. In this article, we will therefore review recent progress in (1) the understanding of the geographic distribution of individual taxa; (2) mechanisms of speciation leading to development of mushroom diseases and facultative human mycoses; and (3) the possible correlation of specific traits of secondary metabolism and molecular phylogeny.

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Section: Identity and Origin Of The Facultative Human Pathogenic Tricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma: from barcodes to biodiversity

Kubicek

Komoń-Zelazowska

Druzhinina

2008

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

113

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“…Species from the fungal genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) have recently also joined this emerging list of such opportunistic pathogens. Detailed case reports of Trichoderma infections have been summarized by Kredics et al (2003) Myoken et al 2002). While Trichoderma isolates are still not a major threat, they nevertheless pose difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenges because (i) without rapid diagnosis and treatment their clinical manifestations can be fatal (Seguin et al, 1995;Tanis et al, 1995;Richter et al, 1999;Chouaki et al, 2002;Myoken et al, 2002; Tang et al, 2003), (ii) they are difficult to identify by morphological analysis , and (iii) they are resistant to most antifungal agents (Kratzer et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed case reports of Trichoderma infections have been summarized by Kredics et al (2003) Myoken et al 2002). While Trichoderma isolates are still not a major threat, they nevertheless pose difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenges because (i) without rapid diagnosis and treatment their clinical manifestations can be fatal (Seguin et al, 1995;Tanis et al, 1995;Richter et al, 1999;Chouaki et al, 2002;Myoken et al, 2002; Tang et al, 2003), (ii) they are difficult to identify by morphological analysis , and (iii) they are resistant to most antifungal agents (Kratzer et al, 2006).The sources of human and animal infections by Trichoderma species, which typically are cosmopolitan soil-borne fungi frequently found in the rhizosphere or as endophytes (Klein & Eveleigh 1998;Harman et al, 2004), are not known at present. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and 2) of the rRNA gene cluster identified all strains isolated from clinical patientswith a few exceptions -as Trichoderma longibrachiatum (Kuhls et al, 1999;Kredics et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative reproductive strategies of Hypocrea orientalis and genetically close but clonal Trichoderma longibrachiatum, both capable of causing invasive mycoses of humans

et al. 2008

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The common soil fungus Trichoderma (teleomorph Hypocrea, Ascomycota) shows increasing medical importance as an opportunistic human pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patients. Regardless of the disease type and the therapy used, the prognosis for Trichoderma infection is usually poor. Trichoderma longibrachiatum has been identified as the causal agent in the majority of reported Trichoderma mycoses. As T. longibrachiatum is very common in environmental samples from all over the world, the relationship between its clinical and wild strains remains unclear. Here we performed a multilocus (ITS1 and 2, tef1, cal1 and chit18-5) phylogenetic analysis of all available clinical isolates (15) and 36 wild-type strains of the fungus including several cultures of its putative teleomorph Hypocrea orientalis. The concordance of gene genealogies recognized T. longibrachiatum and H. orientalis to be different phylogenetic species, which are reproductively isolated from each other. The majority of clinical strains (12) were attributed to T. longibrachiatum but three isolates belonged to H. orientalis, which broadens the phylogenetic span of human opportunists in the genus. Despite their genetic isolation, T. longibrachiatum and H. orientalis were shown to be cosmopolitan sympatric species with no bias towards certain geographical locations. The analysis of haplotype association, incongruence of tree topologies and the split decomposition method supported the conclusion that H. orientalis is sexually recombining whereas strict clonality prevails in T. longibrachiatum. This is a rare case of occurrence of sexual reproduction in opportunistic pathogenic fungi. The discovery of the different reproduction strategies in these two closely related species is medically relevant because it is likely that they would also differ in virulence and/or drug resistance. Genetic identity of environmental and clinical isolates of T. longibrachiatum and H. orientalis suggests the danger of nosocomial infections by Hypocrea/Trichoderma and highlights the need for ecological studies of spore dispersal as source of invasive human mycoses. INTRODUCTIONMany mould species are capable of causing invasive mycoses of mammals, including humans, under appropriate conditions, but of the more than one million fungal species which are estimated to exist in nature, only a few hundred have been associated with human and animal diseases (Walsh & Groll, 1999). In the last decade, however, case reports on infections by common mould fungi have increased, due to HIV/AIDS and the use of immunosuppressants for organ transplantation and cancer therapies. Species from the fungal genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) have recently also joined this emerging list of such opportunistic pathogens. Detailed case reports of Trichoderma infections have been summarized by Kredics et al. (2003) Myoken et al. 2002). While Trichoderma isolates are still not a major threat, they nevertheless pose difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challeng...

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“…In addition, Borrelia burgdorferi has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cutaneous MALT lymphoma (26). In the oral cavity, a case of fatal Trichoderma longibranchiatum stomatitis with malignant lymphoma has been reported (27). EB virus was not detected in the present FL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%