Fatal Melioidosis in Goats in Bangkok, Thailand

Tonpitak, Walaiporn; Sornklien, Chulabha; Chawanit, Mongkol; Pavasutthipaisit, Suvarin; Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn; Hantrakun, Viriya; Amornchai, Premjit; Thaipadungpanit, Janjira; Day, Nicholas P. J.; Yingst, Samuel L.; Peacock, Sharon J.; Limmathurotsakul, Direk

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0115

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Based on past observations, the first clinical signs in infected animals were non-specific and consisted of inappetence, lethargy and diarrhea. In some cases, infected animals can even succumb to infection within one or two days without showing visible signs of disease.As previously reported, one key feature of animal melioidosis was the formation of abscesses in one or multiple organs [ 7 , 46 ]. At WRS, the most common sites of lesions in infected animals were the liver ( Figure 2 ) and lungs ( Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Veterinary Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Melioidosis in Singapore: Clinical, Veterinary, and Environmental Perspectives

et al. 2018

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Melioidosis is a notifiable infectious disease registered with the Ministry of Health (MOH) and Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority (AVA), Singapore. From a clinical perspective, increased awareness of the disease has led to early detection and treatment initiation, thus resulting in decreasing mortality rates in recent years. However, the disease still poses a threat to local pet, zoo and farm animals, where early diagnosis is a challenge. The lack of routine environmental surveillance studies also makes prevention of the disease in animals difficult. To date, there have been no reports that provide a complete picture of how the disease impacts the local human and animal populations in Singapore. Information on the distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the environment is also lacking. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of both published and unpublished clinical, veterinary and environmental studies on melioidosis in Singapore to achieve better awareness and management of the disease.

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Section: Veterinary Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Melioidosis in Singapore: Clinical, Veterinary, and Environmental Perspectives

et al. 2018

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“…Most published cases report a history of travelling to Northeast Thailand, leading to the general understanding that those cases acquired B. pseudomallei outside the region, and that melioidosis is not endemic in Central Thailand. However, recent evidence in 2014 showed the presence of culture-confirmed melioidosis in ten goats in Bangkok, suggesting that B. pseudomallei might be covertly present in the environment in the central region and in Bangkok ( Figure 1 b) [ 52 ]. In addition, an environmental study published in 2016 conducted in seven provinces in central Thailand also confirmed the presence of B. pseudomallei in Phitsanulok, Phetchabun, and Nakonnayok ( Figure 1 c) [ 30 ].…”

Section: Melioidosis Cases and Presence Of B Pseudomallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melioidosis in Thailand: Present and Future

et al. 2018

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A recent modelling study estimated that there are 2800 deaths due to melioidosis in Thailand yearly. The Thailand Melioidosis Network (formed in 2012) has been working closely with the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) to investigate and reduce the burden of this disease. Based on updated data, the incidence of melioidosis is still high in Northeast Thailand. More than 2000 culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis are diagnosed in general hospitals with microbiology laboratories in this region each year. The mortality rate is around 35%. Melioidosis is endemic throughout Thailand, but it is still not uncommon that microbiological facilities misidentify Burkholderia pseudomallei as a contaminant or another organism. Disease awareness is low, and people in rural areas neither wear boots nor boil water before drinking to protect themselves from acquiring B. pseudomallei. Previously, about 10 melioidosis deaths were formally reported to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (Report 506) each year, thus limiting priority setting by the MoPH. In 2015, the formally reported number of melioidosis deaths rose to 112, solely because Sunpasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani province, reported its own data (n = 107). Melioidosis is truly an important cause of death in Thailand, and currently reported cases (Report 506) and cases diagnosed at research centers reflect the tip of the iceberg. Laboratory training and communication between clinicians and laboratory personnel are required to improve diagnosis and treatment of melioidosis countrywide. Implementation of rapid diagnostic tests, such as a lateral flow antigen detection assay, with high accuracy even in melioidosis-endemic countries such as Thailand, is critically needed. Reporting of all culture-confirmed melioidosis cases from every hospital with a microbiology laboratory, together with final outcome data, is mandated under the Communicable Diseases Act B.E.2558. By enforcing this legislation, the MoPH could raise the priority of this disease, and should consider implementing a campaign to raise awareness and melioidosis prevention countrywide.

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“…In contrast, a dog in a previous report had clinical melioidosis [20]. It should be noted that most animals with melioidosis appear to be in good health [14,[16][17][18]41]. In some cases, antemortem examinations conducted in slaughterhouses have revealed abscesses in visceral organs such as the liver, lung, and spleen [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of melioidosis and its association with blood profiles and pathogens in sheltered dogs in southern Thailand

Fungwithaya,

Boonhoh,

Sontigun

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Melioidosis is a notable zoonotic disease in Thailand that can affect both humans and animals. Although dogs are one of the most popular pets worldwide, there is a remarkable lack of information on the prevalence and knowledge of canine melioidosis. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of melioidosis in sheltered dogs and its relationship with the blood profile and blood pathogens. Materials and Methods: Melioidosis in 156 dogs was analyzed using an indirect hemagglutination assay. Hematology and serum biochemistry tests were performed using an automated system. Blood pathogens (e.g., Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Hepatozoon, and Babesia) were diagnosed using conventional polymerase chain reaction. Results: The seroprevalence rates of canine melioidosis and blood pathogen infection were 5.77% (9/156) and 50.64% (79/156), respectively. Seropositive dogs generally have higher lymphocyte counts and aspartate aminotransferase levels but lower total white blood cell, neutrophil, and platelet (PLT) counts than seronegative dogs. No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between the seropositive and seronegative dogs' hematology and serum biochemistry findings. Neither the correlation between melioidosis and blood pathogen infection nor the association between melioidosis and thrombocytopenia was statistically significant (p > 0.05). Remarkably, dogs that had coinfections with both melioidosis and blood pathogens demonstrated a significantly reduced PLTcount (49,167 ± 7,167) compared with dogs that tested positive for melioidosis but negative for blood pathogens (139,333 ± 29,913) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In southern Thailand, the prevalence of canine melioidosis was low but the prevalence of blood pathogens was high. Coinfection with blood pathogens can significantly reduce PLT counts, which may have a potentially serious impact. Future research should focus on conducting seroprevalence studies in the general dog population. Keywords: blood pathogens, dogs, hematology, melioidosis, prevalence, serum biochemistry.

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Fatal Melioidosis in Goats in Bangkok, Thailand

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Melioidosis in Singapore: Clinical, Veterinary, and Environmental Perspectives

Melioidosis in Singapore: Clinical, Veterinary, and Environmental Perspectives

Melioidosis in Thailand: Present and Future

Seroprevalence of melioidosis and its association with blood profiles and pathogens in sheltered dogs in southern Thailand

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