Fatal Mediastinal Hemorrhage in a Dog

Mason, G. D.; Lamb, Christopher R.; Jakowski, R. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1990.tb01816.x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Three studies reported hemomediastinum due to anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity, with one of them being in juvenile dogs due to thymic hematoma (13)(14)(15). Besides an impaired coagulation system, mediastinal hematomas can be a result of trauma or bleeding mediastinal neoplasia (16,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-Threatening Mediastinal Hematoma Formation After Removal of the Hemodialysis Catheter in a Boxer: A Case Report

et al. 2021

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A 4-year-old female Boxer was referred for renal replacement therapy 2 days after observed grape ingestion. An 11-French dual-lumen dialysis catheter was placed into the right jugular vein and continuous renal replacement therapy was initiated for 66 h. Afterwards the patient received enoxaparin subcutaneously as a thromboprophylaxis. Four hours after removal of the dialysis catheter the patient developed severe dyspnea with hypercapnia and signs of hemorrhagic shock. Bedside ultrasound and X-rays of the thorax revealed a soft tissue opacity dorsally of the trachea, located in the mediastinum. The findings were consistent with mediastinal bleeding and hematoma formation. Blood gas examination indicated hypoventilation. The dog was managed conservatively with multiple blood transfusions and mechanical ventilation. The patient survived to discharge, and the hematoma was fully absorbed in the radiographs after 17 days. Patients with impaired kidney function should receive individualized enoxaparin dosage adjusted to anti-Xa levels and should be strictly monitored for complications. Mediastinal hemorrhage and hematoma formation should be considered as a potential complication in patients receiving a jugular vein catheter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-Threatening Mediastinal Hematoma Formation After Removal of the Hemodialysis Catheter in a Boxer: A Case Report

et al. 2021

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“…In previously reported cases of thymic and mediastinal haemorrhage in dogs, concurrent haemothorax has also been reported (Mason et al . 1990, Glaus et al . 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previously reported cases, the haemorrhage was reported to occur fairly soon after the traumatic episode (Mason et al . 1990). Whilst microtrauma cannot be excluded, it appears unlikely that any of these cases had suffered from significant trauma, due to the lack of externally visible injuries (such as bruising) and absence of other injuries (such as fractures) on CT examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mediastinal haemorrhage in dogs has also been reported secondary to arterial rupture including spontaneous aortic dissection, aortic rupture due to Spirocerca lupi infection, brachiocephalic artery rupture due to vascular wall sclerosis and necrosis, suspected traumatic dorsal intercostal arterial rupture and in association with steroid‐responsive meningitis and arteritis (Ivoghli 1977, Mason et al . 1990, Arimura et al . 1998, Boulineau et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dorsal mediastinal haemorrhage in dogs: 4 cases (2010–2018)

Peak¹,

Walker²,

Agthe³

2021

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objective This retrospective case series describes the clinical presentation and CT findings of dogs with presumed mediastinal haemorrhage with no apparent identifiable underlying cause. Materials and Methods Medical records were searched for dogs with presumed or suspected mediastinal haemorrhage of non‐thymic origin. For all dogs, data on signalment, history, physical examination, treatment and outcome were collected by reviewing the medical records. Follow‐up information was collected by telephone interviews with the owners and/or their primary‐care veterinarians. Results Four dogs were included. All survived to discharge with apparent resolution of the mediastinal haemorrhage (based on repeat imaging and/or clinical signs) with supportive treatment alone. Follow‐up information was available from 2 months to 5 years following discharge, and none of the patients showed a recurrence of clinical signs during this period. Clinical Significance This case series highlights that presumed haemorrhage into the mediastinum can occur in dogs without an obviously identifiable cause and, whilst rare, should be considered as a cause of dorsal mediastinal masses and may be successfully managed with supportive care alone.

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“…Free mediastinal fluid may be the consequence of mediastinal inflammation secondary to oesophageal perforation or pulmonary infection, mediastinal masses, congestive heart failure, coagulopathy, or feline infectious peritonitis (Mason et al, 1990;Moore and Biller, 2005) Radiographically, mediastinal fluid is usually characterized by a soft tissue opacity creating diffuse widening of the mediastinum (Thrall, 2002).…”

Section: Mediastinal Fluidmentioning

confidence: 98%