Fatal Injuries after Cocaine Use as a Leading Cause of Death among Young Adults in New York City

Marzuk, Peter M.; Tardiff, Kenneth; Leon, Andrew C.; Hirsch, Charles S.; Stajíc, Marina; Portera, Laura; Hartwell, Nancy; Iqbal, Muhammad Saleem

doi:10.1056/nejm199506293322606

Cited by 111 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Cocaine abuse and dependence in the US are problems with devastating medical and social consequences (Schrank, 1992;Marzuk et al, 1995), but there is no reliable means to treat cocaine overdose or reduce the likelihood of relapse in users who have achieved abstinence. Human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) contributes to normal cocaine metabolism (Inaba et al, 1978) and has been considered for use in treating cocaine toxicity (Gorelick, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cocaine Hydrolase Engineered from Human Butyrylcholinesterase Selectively Blocks Cocaine Toxicity and Reinstatement of Drug Seeking in Rats

Brimijoin

Gao

Anker

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

125

167

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Successive rational mutations of human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) followed by fusion to human serum albumin have yielded an efficient hydrolase that offers realistic options for therapy of cocaine overdose and abuse. This albumin-BChE prevented seizures in rats given a normally lethal cocaine injection (100 mg/kg, i.p.), lowered brain cocaine levels even when administered after the drug, and provided rescue after convulsions commenced. Moreover, it selectively blocked cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking in rats that had previously self-administered cocaine. The enzyme treatment was well tolerated and may be worth exploring for clinical application in humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cocaine Hydrolase Engineered from Human Butyrylcholinesterase Selectively Blocks Cocaine Toxicity and Reinstatement of Drug Seeking in Rats

Brimijoin

Gao

Anker

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

125

167

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“…infectious diseases, drug overdose, violence) that increase morbidity and mortality rates for injection drug users (IDUs) [1][2][3][4]. Previous studies have demonstrated that infections are a leading cause of morbidity and hospitalization among IDUs [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Injection Drug Users: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies

2004

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Infections, in particular soft tissue infections (cellulitis, skin abscesses), are the leading cause for emergency department visits and hospital admissions of drug injection users (IDUs). Staphylococcus aureus is the most relevant bacterial pathogen in this population. It is the main cause of soft tissue infections and of severe infections such as endocarditis and bacteremia. Moreover, epidemic spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) among IDUs has occurred in Europe and North America. Nasal carriage of S. aureus is associated with an increased risk of subsequent S. aureus infections, and it has been shown that active IDUs have a higher rate of colonization with S. aureus than the general population. However, it is still unknown why an individual carries S. aureus. In particular, repeated injections do not appear to be the main predisposing factor for S. aureus carriage. Infections associated with injection drug use are frequently the consequence of the illegal status of street drugs. Harm reduction programs, including needle exchange programs, safer injecting facilities and injection opiate substitution programs can reduce the incidence of infections among severely addicted IDUs.

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“…Cocaine abuse is associated with life-threatening medical complications (Marzuk et al 1995), including increased risk of neurological complications including strokes, seizures, transient ischemic attacks, and headaches (Mody and Miller 1988;Qureshi et al 1995;Koppel et al 1996). With cocaine-related stroke as a neurological complication, it is reasonable to suggest an increased prevalence of subclinical neurovascular deficits in this population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurovascular Deficits in Cocaine Abusers

Herning

King

Better

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Fatal Injuries after Cocaine Use as a Leading Cause of Death among Young Adults in New York City

Abstract: Fatal injuries among cocaine users account for a substantial proportion of all deaths among young adults in New York City.

Cited by 111 publications

References 19 publications

A Cocaine Hydrolase Engineered from Human Butyrylcholinesterase Selectively Blocks Cocaine Toxicity and Reinstatement of Drug Seeking in Rats

A Cocaine Hydrolase Engineered from Human Butyrylcholinesterase Selectively Blocks Cocaine Toxicity and Reinstatement of Drug Seeking in Rats

Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Injection Drug Users: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies

Neurovascular Deficits in Cocaine Abusers

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