Fatal, congenitally acquired infection with equine arteritis virus in a neonatal Thoroughbred

Vaala, W. E.; Hamir, A. N.; Dubovi, Edward J.; Timoney, Peter J.; Ruiz, Blanca

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02803.x

Cited by 64 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the horse, clinical signs of infection vary widely with the most severe form resulting in fetal abortion from pregnant mares (Doll et al, 1957) and foal death (Golnik et al, 1981;Vaala et al, 1992). Between 30-60 % of seropositive stallions persistently shed virus in their semen (Timoney et al, 1986; and infect mares through breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine arteritis virus-neutralizing antibody in the horse is induced by a determinant on the large envelope glycoprotein GL

Chirnside

Vries

Mumford

et al. 1995

Journal of General Virology

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Complementary DNAs encoding ORFs 2 to 7 of equine arteritis virus (EAV) have been cloned into the expression vector pGEX to produce glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins. Recombinant proteins were affinity purified and screened in ELISA with equine sera to identify immunoreactive polypeptides. The large envelope glycoprotein (GL) was identified as the most reactive to EAV-positive equine sera and an immunodominant epitope was mapped between amino acids 55 and 98 by subcloning and expression. A fusion protein covering this region and a GL-Specific synthetic peptide (residues 75 through 97) induced EAV-nentralizing antibody in vaccinated horses. The defined antigenic region of G L is likely to be exposed on the surface of the native EAV virion and consequently may be useful in the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine arteritis virus-neutralizing antibody in the horse is induced by a determinant on the large envelope glycoprotein GL

Chirnside

Vries

Mumford

et al. 1995

Journal of General Virology

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“…6,10,18,19,22,31,43,45,51 Persistently infected stallions that shed virus in their semen are a critical natural reservoir of EAV because venereal infection of mares frequently occurs after mating with such stallions. 26,34,40,[44][45][46][47]50 Horizontal spread of the virus occurs via aerosol exposure of susceptible horses to acutely infected animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serologic Response of Horses to the Structural Proteins of Equine Arteritis Virus

et al. 1998

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Abstract. Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is the causative agent of equine viral arteritis, an apparently emerging disease of equids. In this study, the antibody response of horses to the structural proteins of EAV was evaluated using gradient-purified EAV virions and baculovirus-expressed recombinant EAV structural proteins (G L , G S , M, N) as antigens in a Western immunoblotting assay. Thirty-three sera from horses that previously had been naturally or experimentally infected with EAV were evaluated, including samples from mares, geldings, and both persistently and nonpersistently infected stallions. Sera also were evaluated from 4 horses that had been vaccinated with the commercial modified live EAV vaccine. The data suggest that the serologic response of individual horses to EAV may vary with the infecting virus strain and duration of infection. The M protein was most consistently recognized by the various serum samples, whereas the response to the N and G L proteins was variable and the G S protein was bound by only 1 serum sample. The immunoblotting assay definitively established the protein specificity of the humoral response of horses to EAV; however, it clearly is less sensitive than the standard serum neutralization (SN) test-2 of the 37 sera that were seropositive by the SN test failed to react in the immunoblot assay with any EAV structural protein. Furthermore, the G L protein expresses the known neutralization determinants of EAV, yet only 22 of the 37 sera that had SN antibodies bound the G L protein in the immunoblotting assay. Information from this study will assist ongoing efforts to develop improved methods for the serologic diagnosis of EAV infection of horses.Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is the causative agent of equine viral arteritis (EVA), a disease of horses that may manifest as interstitial pneumonia in very young foals, influenza-like illness of adult horses, and abortion of pregnant mares. 6,10,18,19,22,31,43,45,51 Persistently infected stallions that shed virus in their semen are a critical natural reservoir of EAV because venereal infection of mares frequently occurs after mating with such stallions. 26,34,40,[44][45][46][47]50 Horizontal spread of the virus occurs via aerosol exposure of susceptible horses to acutely infected animals. 38,44,45 EAV infection is especially prevalent in Standardbred horses, but since the mid-1980s there has been a disturbing increase in the incidence of EVA in a variety of horse breeds. 5,20,24,25,39,44,45,48,49 EAV is an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus 27,36,37,41 that recently was taxonomically placed in the genus Arterivirus in the order Nidovirales, along with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus. 7 The EAV virion has a diameter of approximately 55 nm and consists of a

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“…A leucopenia involving both neutrophils and lymphocytes is evident at the onset of pyrexia or shortly thereafter (3). Severe clinical signs include respiratory distress, colic, and diarrhoea and are more often seen in neonates and foals (5,20,47). Clinical symptoms typically begin 3 to 14 days following exposure to virus and persist for 5 to 9 days.…”

Section: Prevalence and Geographic Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of abortion may vary widely in natural outbreaks and has ranged from less than 10% to slightly more than 60% (44). Mares infected late in gestation may deliver a premature, weak foal that dies shortly after birth (26) or a normal appearing foal that subsequently develops clinical signs of disease (47). Mares previously exposed to EAV by vaccination with a modified-live vaccine appear to be protected from abortion on re-infection with the virus (15,30).…”

Section: Abortionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine arteritis virus: A review of clinical features and management aspects

Glaser

Vries

Rottier

et al. 1996

Veterinary Quarterly

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Fatal, congenitally acquired infection with equine arteritis virus in a neonatal Thoroughbred

Cited by 64 publications

References 9 publications

Equine arteritis virus-neutralizing antibody in the horse is induced by a determinant on the large envelope glycoprotein GL

Equine arteritis virus-neutralizing antibody in the horse is induced by a determinant on the large envelope glycoprotein GL

Serologic Response of Horses to the Structural Proteins of Equine Arteritis Virus

Equine arteritis virus: A review of clinical features and management aspects

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