Fatal Air Embolization as a Complication of Pneumocystography in Two Cats

Zontine, William J.; Andrews, Laura

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1978.tb01132.x

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To decrease this possibility, sterile catheterization techniques are recommended. Fatal air embolism has been reported as a complication of pneumocystography in cats, and precautions should be made to prevent the introduction of air into the urinary system . The effect of contrast material within the feline uterus has not been examined; however, it is felt that the risks are minimal because an ovariohysterectomy will be performed following the procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Digital Radiography, Ultrasonography, and Positive Contrast Vaginourethrography for Determining Reproductive Status of Female Cats

Woodland

Pack

Rist

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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It is not always possible to identify female cats that have undergone previous ovariohysterectomy based on physical examination alone. An easy, cost-effective method for screening female cats for reproductive status would be helpful for avoiding unnecessary exploratory laparotomies. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare diagnostic sensitivities of digital radiography, ultrasonography, and positive contrast vaginourethrography for determining reproductive status in female cats. Sixty-seven recently euthanized female cats of unknown medical history and reproductive status were randomly selected and included in the study. Digital abdominal radiography, digital abdominal radiography with compression, abdominal ultrasonography, and positive contrast vaginourethrography were performed in sequence by a board-certified veterinary radiologist and a second-year radiology resident. Immediately following diagnostic imaging procedures, necropsy was performed. Ultrasonography of the uterus had the highest sensitivity (86%) for determining reproductive status of all the imaging modalities tested. The specificity was 88%, and the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 96% and 68%, respectively. The calculated sensitivities and specificities of other modalities were as follows: digital radiographs (28%, 100%), digital compression radiographs (58%, 100%), and vaginourethrography (32%, 100%). Based on McNemar's test statistic, there was a significant difference in the sensitivity of ultrasound compared to digital radiographs (P ≤ 0.05), compression radiographs (P ≤ 0.05), and vaginourethrogram (P ≤ 0.05). Findings from the current study indicated that ultrasonography is a sensitive diagnostic test for determining reproductive status in female cats. Although more readily available in private practice and shelters, digital radiography and vaginourethrography are not reliable predictors of reproductive status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Digital Radiography, Ultrasonography, and Positive Contrast Vaginourethrography for Determining Reproductive Status of Female Cats

Woodland

Pack

Rist

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…In humans, venous air embolism is most commonly reported during surgical procedures, including lumbar laminectomy, 3 hip replacement surgery, 2,4 uterine surgery, 2,4 and laparoscopy 5 . Procedures described in animals that have led to venous air embolism include pneumocystography in three cats, each of which had signs of bladder mucosal hemorrhage; 6,7 pneumourethrography and pneumocystography in a dog which was found to have an area of urethral necrosis; 8 gingival cryosurgery in two dogs; 9 and laparoscopy in three dogs 10,11 . Although uncommonly reported, the morbidity and mortality that result from this condition underscore the importance of rapid diagnosis and treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Venous Air Embolism in a Cat With a Retropharyngeal Diverticulum

Ober

Spotswood

Hancock

2006

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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A cat with a 1-year history of oropharyngeal foreign bodies was diagnosed with a pharyngeal diverticulum. The cat experienced fatal cardiac arrest during endoscopy, and postmortem radiographs and ultrasound revealed venous air embolism. Venous air embolism is uncommonly reported in veterinary medicine, but is a risk during any procedure that introduces air into a body cavity. Precautions should be taken during these procedures to help minimize the risk of adverse events.

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“…The entrainment of air into the venous vascular system is a potentially fatal complication that can occur during a wide range of procedures. In the veterinary literature, these procedures include diagnostic imaging (Ackerman and others 1972, Zontine and Andrews 1978, Thayer and others 1980), cryosurgery (Harvey 1978), laparoscopic/endoscopic procedures (Lettow 1972, Gilroy and Anson 1987, Ober and others 2006) and intravenous catheter complications (Walsh and others 2005, Holbrook and others 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VAE is rarely reported in the veterinary literature. VAE has been reported following pneumocystography in three cats (Zontine and Andrews 1978, Thayer and others 1980) and more recently during endoscopic examination of a retropharyngeal diverticulum (Ober and others 2006). In dogs, VAE has been reported to be associated with pneumocystography and pneumourethrography (Ackerman and others 1972), oral cryosurgery (Harvey 1978), laparoscopy (Lettow 1972, Gilroy and Anson 1987) and inadvertent injection of air into a venous catheter (Walsh and others 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal venous air embolism in a cat undergoing dental extractions

Gunew¹,

Marshall²,

Lui³

et al. 2008

J of Small Animal Practice

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A five-year-old domestic shorthair cat underwent general anaesthesia and tooth extractions. Immediately after use of a high-speed, air-driven, water-cooled dental drill, the cat suffered cardiac arrest and attempted resuscitation was unsuccessful. Post-mortem radiographs showed air in the vena cava, right atrium, right auricle and right ventricle, hepatic and renal veins. These findings were confirmed at post-mortem examination. The cause of death was massive air embolism. There are reports of fatal venous air embolism in the human literature from the use of high-speed, air-driven, water-cooled dental drills. In this case, we believe that the air jet from the cooling system provided an enormous pressure gradient allowing air entry through an alveolar bone fracture or the inflamed gingival tissues. This is the first report of fatal venous air embolism associated with the use of a high-speed dental drill in the veterinary literature.

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Fatal Air Embolization as a Complication of Pneumocystography in Two Cats

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Comparison of Digital Radiography, Ultrasonography, and Positive Contrast Vaginourethrography for Determining Reproductive Status of Female Cats

Comparison of Digital Radiography, Ultrasonography, and Positive Contrast Vaginourethrography for Determining Reproductive Status of Female Cats

Fatal Venous Air Embolism in a Cat With a Retropharyngeal Diverticulum

Fatal venous air embolism in a cat undergoing dental extractions

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