Fatal Acute Disseminated Nocardiosis in a Child

Carlile, William K.; Holley, Keith E.; Logan, George B.

doi:10.1001/jama.1963.03700190095013

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thus, when lesions are found at two or more locations within the body, the infection is defined as systemic or disseminated nocardiosis. Any anatomic location can be involved, but the most common sites that become infected during dissemination include the CNS, cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, eyes (especially the retina), kidneys, joints, bone, and heart (22,26,36,51,105,107,122,135,144,149,156,159,176,191,218,220,251,253,254,260,263,304,352,375,391,392,423,454,459,466,478,479,503,520,522,525,538,540,566,569,585,589,601,631,708,719,731,734).…”

Section: Pulmonary Nocardiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

1994

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The nocardiae are bacteria belonging to the aerobic actinomycetes. They are an important part of the normal soil microflora worldwide. The type species, Nocardia asteroides, and N. brasiliensis, N. farcinica, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. nova, and N. transvalensis cause a variety of diseases in both normal and immunocompromised humans and animals. The mechanisms of pathogenesis are complex, not fully understood, and include the capacity to evade or neutralize the myriad microbicidal activities of the host. The relative virulence of N. asteroides correlates with the ability to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion in phagocytes; to neutralize phagosomal acidification; to detoxify the microbicidal products of oxidative metabolism; to modify phagocyte function; to grow within phagocytic cells; and to attach to, penetrate, and grow within host cells. Both activated macrophages and immunologically specific T lymphocytes constitute the major mechanisms for host resistance to nocardial infection, whereas B lymphocytes and humoral immunity do not appear to be as important in protecting the host. Thus, the nocardiae are facultative intracellular pathogens that can persist within the host, probably in a cryptic form (L-form), for life. Silent invasion of brain cells by some Nocardia strains can induce neurodegeneration in experimental animals; however, the role of nocardiae in neurodegenerative diseases in humans needs to be investigated.

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Section: Pulmonary Nocardiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

1994

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“…On the twelfth day he abruptly became very ill; the disease then progressed relentlessly to massive destruction of the right lung, with gross impairment of respiratory function. Some cases previously reported in the literature have had acute suppurative infections and others more chronic granulomatous lesions (Murray et al, 1961), while pulmonary nocardiosis in children has usually been rapidly fatal (Carlile et al, 1963). A striking feature was the transient reaction to 10 units of tuberculin PPD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…By 1963, 17 cases of Nocardia asteroides infection had been reported in children (Carlile, Holley, and Logan, 1963). Nine of these patients had pulmonary involvement, two of whom 'Present address: Doncaster Royal Infirmary.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary nocardiosis in a 3-year-old child

Holdaway

Kennedy

Ashcroft

et al. 1967

Thorax

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“…[52][53][54] Cases of necrotizing nocardial pneumonia in renal-allograft recipients have been reported previously in this fo-rum. 55,56 Dissemination from the lungs occurs in about one third of patients, and the most common sites of involvement are the skin and soft tissue, central nervous system, bones and joints, heart, and kidneys. 57 Acute, systemic nocardiosis can be fatal in children.…”

Section: Pathological Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%