Fat-sugar see-saw in school lunches: impact of a low fat intervention

Dwyer, Johanna T.; Michell, Paul; Cosentino, Claire; Webber, Larry S.; Seed, Julienne M.; Hoelscher, Deanna M.; Snyder, Mariah; Stevens, Mary; Nader, Philip R.

doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(03)00053-3

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First, it is self-evident that where the amount of energy (denominator) is reduced, the percentage energy from sugar increases by default, even if the absolute amount has not changed. Second, the percentage of energy from fat is often reciprocally related to the percentage energy from sugar (the sugar : fat see-saw) in observational studies (Gibney et al, 1995) and interventions (Drummond & Kirk, 1999;Dwyer et al, 2003). In the present study, the statistical effect is illustrated among 14-15 year olds, where the change in sugar intake from 20.2% to 21.8% is mainly attributable to the fall in fat intake, with sugar intake being 113 g day )1 in both surveys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Trends in energy and sugar intakes and body mass index between 1983 and 1997 among children in Great Britain

Gibson¹

2010

J Human Nutrition Diet

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Second, the percentage of energy from fat is often reciprocally related to the percentage energy from sugar (the sugar : fat see‐saw) in observational studies (Gibney et al. , 1995) and interventions (Drummond & Kirk, 1999; Dwyer et al. , 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in energy and sugar intakes and body mass index between 1983 and 1997 among children in Great Britain

Gibson¹

2010

J Human Nutrition Diet

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1. Educational interventions were divided based on settings of the intervention: at schools (Bjelland et al, 2011;Bleakley et al, 2015;Bleich et al, 2012;Cunha et al, 2013;Dwyer et al, 2003;Ezendam et al, 2012;Feng et al, 2016;Kattelmann et al, 2014;Kaufman-Shriqui et al, 2016;Kenney et al, 2015;Lane et al, 2018;Lo et al, 2008;Sichieri et al, 2013;Souza et al, 2013Souza et al, , 2018Nanney et al, 2014;Romo & Abril-Ulloa, 2018;Story et al, 2012), in community (Bergen & Yeh, 2006;Chang et al, 2017…”

Section: Results Of Studies Based On Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three groups of interventions were as follows: Educational interventions were divided based on settings of the intervention: at schools (Bjelland et al, 2011; Bleakley et al, 2015; Bleich et al, 2012; Cunha et al, 2013; Dwyer et al, 2003; Ezendam et al, 2012; Feng et al, 2016; Kattelmann et al, 2014; Kaufman‐Shriqui et al, 2016; Kenney et al, 2015; Lane et al, 2018; Lo et al, 2008; Sichieri et al, 2013; Souza et al, 2013, 2018; Nanney et al, 2014; Romo & Abril‐Ulloa, 2018; Story et al, 2012), in community (Bergen & Yeh, 2006; Chang et al, 2017; Daivadanam et al, 2018; Davy et al, 2017; Fukuoka et al, 2015; Hernández‐Cordero & Popkin, 2015; Kerr et al, 2016; Partridge et al, 2016; Rodríguez‐Ramírez et al, 2015; Zoellner et al, 2016), in health centers and military services (Bingham et al, 2012; Delpier et al, 2013; Knowlden & Sharma, 2016; van Grieken et al, 2014) and home (Albala et al, 2008; Cloutier et al, 2015; Ebbeling et al, 2006; Shapiro et al, 2008; Simons et al, 2015; Taveras et al, 2011). Educational materials were presented in the form of booklets, posters, parental guides, computer programs, and video messages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community‐based interventions to reduce sugar intake in healthy populations: A systematic review

Nikniaz

Tabrizi

Farhangi

et al. 2022

World Med & Health Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to assess community‐based interventions to decrease sugar intake among healthy people. According to PRISMA guidelines, in this systematic review, databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched up to August 2021. Randomized clinical trials or quasi‐experimental studies reporting the effect of community‐based interventions to reduce sugar intake in general population were included. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Our search strategy resulted in a total of 1384 articles out of which 59 articles were included in the study. Of 59 included studies, 48 studies reported significant decrease in sugar intake or intention to sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake or purchasing SSBs. Of the 48 effective studies, 45 (93.7%) had a low risk of bias. Based on the results of low risk of bias studies, interventions performed in schools, household, and community were effective in reducing sugar intake. Almost all types of interventions (educational, multiple and changing in law) had the same effectiveness on reducing sugar intake. In addition, interventions which had a duration of 24–48 weeks were less successful than the others. Interventions with the repetition span of more than 1 month were less successful than the others. The application of multiple interventions appears to be the most effective approach to reducing sugar intake in healthy populations. However, long‐term and well‐designed future studies in different settings are recommended to confirm these results.

show abstract

“…1995; Alexy et al . 2003; Dwyer et al . 2003); indeed, such relationships were observed in the current analysis.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between fat, sugar and other macronutrient intakes in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey

Horgan

Whybrow

2012

Nutrition Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Observational studies show an inverse relationship between fat and sugar within diets, described as the ‘fat‐sugar seesaw’. It has been suggested however, that this is a consequence of expressing macronutrient intakes as percentages of energy intake rather than by the dietary choices made by individuals. To test this we examined the associations between macronutrient intakes in the diets of adults (n = 1724) participating in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) and within the same adults across different days of the week. Pearson's correlations were calculated between the macronutrient intakes from fat, total sugar, intrinsic sugars, non‐milk extrinsic sugars (NMES), non‐sugar carbohydrate, protein and alcohol. Energy intakes relative to estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) were calculated to partially account for differences in energy requirements. Pearson's correlations also examined associations between the same macronutrients in foods from the Nutrient Databank (ND), used to analyse dietary intakes in the NDNS. Correlations between fat and sugar(s) were calculated in five ways: (i) percentage energy between individuals; (ii) amount (g) between individuals; (iii) amount (g) relative to BMR between individuals; (iv) within individuals over seven days; and (v) between food items in the ND. Negative correlations were obtained between mean daily percentage energy intakes of fat and, total sugars, NMES and intrinsic sugars (all P < 0.001). However, when mean daily macronutrient intakes were expressed in weight (g)/day, these were all positively correlated (all P < 0.001). Mean estimated correlations between macronutrient intakes (g/day) for each individual across the days of the week were also positive, indicating a lack of fat‐sugar seesaw effect. Within the ND, the correlation between fat and total sugar (g/100g of food) was weakly positive (P = 0.006). Only when examining the correlation between fat and sugar(s) between individuals in percentage terms (% energy) was the fat‐sugar seesaw evident; in all other methods the correlations between fat and sugar(s) were positive. Examination of the effects of using percentage energy values to describe the macronutrient composition demonstrated that the fat‐sugar seesaw is only an inevitable mathematical consequence, rather than the result of dietary choice. Comparing diet composition in percentage terms alone can therefore be misleading. It is only when examined as absolute values (weight), as well as percentage contributions to energy, that the interrelationships between macronutrients can be studied fully.

show abstract

Fat-sugar see-saw in school lunches: impact of a low fat intervention

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Trends in energy and sugar intakes and body mass index between 1983 and 1997 among children in Great Britain

Trends in energy and sugar intakes and body mass index between 1983 and 1997 among children in Great Britain

Community‐based interventions to reduce sugar intake in healthy populations: A systematic review

Associations between fat, sugar and other macronutrient intakes in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About