Fat-soluble vitamins in breast-fed preterm and term infants

Henriksen, Christine; Helland, Ingrid B.; Rønnestad, Arild; Grønn, Morten; Iversen, Per Ole; Drevon, Christian A.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602379

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In 10 vegetarian children, the mean concentration was 1.07 µmol/L. In 32 Norwegian breast-fed infants at one month of age (Henriksen et al, 2006), the median plasma retinol concentration was 0.72 µmol/L (IQR 0.62 to 0.86 µmol/L).…”

Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union

Products¹

2013

EFS2

185

107

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union. This Opinion describes the dietary requirements of infants and young children, compares dietary intakes and requirements in infants and young children in Europe and, based on these findings, concludes on the potential role of young-child formulae in the diets of infants and young children, including whether they have any nutritional benefits when compared with other foods that may be included in the normal diet of infants and young children. The Panel concluded on the levels of nutrient and energy intakes that are considered adequate for the majority of infants and young children, and evaluated the risk of inadequate nutrient intakes in infants and young children in living Europe. Dietary intakes of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), iron, vitamin D and iodine (in some European countries) are low in infants and young children living in Europe, and particular attention should be paid to ensuring an appropriate supply of ALA, DHA, iron, vitamin D and iodine in infants and young children with inadequate or at risk of inadequate status of these nutrients. No unique role of young-child formulae with respect to the provision of critical nutrients in the diet of infants and young children living in Europe can be identified, so that they cannot be considered as a necessity to satisfy the nutritional requirements of young children when compared with other foods that may be included in the normal diet of young children (such as breast milk, infant formulae, follow-on formulae and cow's milk).

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Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union

Products¹

2013

EFS2

185

107

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“…Previous studies have Vitamin A and E status in preterm infant S Kositamongkol et al consistently shown high incidence of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, especially vitamin A in VLBW infants. 15 In breast-fed preterm and term infants, Henriksen et al 7 reported that plasma retinol concentrations in preterm infants at discharge were significantly lower than term counterparts at 4 weeks of age. However, there was no significant difference in plasma a-tocopherol between the two groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Despite vitamin supplementation, a high incidence of vitamin A and vitamin E deficiency in VLBW infants has been reported. 7,[9][10] Such data are reported from developed countries that may differ from developing countries as Thailand in terms of nutritional and socioeconomical status and genetic factors. We, therefore, conducted a study with the aim to assess the vitamin A and vitamin E status of VLBW infants in our institution and to define the associated risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Significantly lower levels of vitamin A and vitamin E at birth and at discharge in VLBW infants were found when compared with term infants. 7 Currently, there are various recommendations of vitamin supplementation for VLBW infants. 8 Despite vitamin supplementation, a high incidence of vitamin A and vitamin E deficiency in VLBW infants has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin A and E status in very low birth weight infants

et al. 2011

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Objective: To determine vitamin A and vitamin E status in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants at the time of birth (TB), at the time of full feeding (TFF) and at term postmenstrual age (TT).Study Design: An observational study was conducted in VLBW infants. Plasma retinol and a-tocopherol levels were measured at TB, TFF and TT. Multivitamin supplementation was given to all infants to meet the daily requirement.Result: A total of 35 infants were enrolled. The median (interquartile range) of gestational age and birth weight was 30 (28 to 32) weeks and 1157 g (982 to 1406 g). The median of vitamin A and vitamin E intakes from TFF to TT was 832 and 5.5 IU kg -1 day -1 , respectively. Vitamin A deficiency occurred in 67.7% at birth, 51.6% at TFF and 82.1% at TT. Vitamin E deficiency occurred in 77.4% at birth, 16.1% at TFF and 35.7% at TT. Small-for-gestational age was the only risk factor for vitamin A deficiency. Lower amount of breast milk consumption was associated with higher incidence of vitamin E deficiency. No differences in vitamin A-or vitamin E-related morbidities between infants with and without vitamin deficiencies were found.Conclusion: High prevalence of vitamin A and vitamin E deficiency was found in VLBW infants starting from birth to term postmenstrual age. Therefore, a higher dose of vitamin supplementation is required.

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“…Plasma tocopherol levels were within the reference range (14-50 µM). Dietary intake was estimated from parenteral nutrition, human milk, formulas and oral supplements (2 mg per day as an oral multivitamin plus 15 mg/day as alphatocopherol) [50]. In 2002, the Expert Panel of the American Society for Nutritional Sciences recommended a minimum of 2 mg and a maximum of 8.0 mg alpha-tocopherol/100 kcal in preterm infant formulas, and the vitamin E/PUFA ratio (mg alpha-tocopherol/g total PUFA) should exceed 1.5 mg/g [8].…”

Section: Recommendations For Vitamin Ementioning

confidence: 99%