Fat Soluble Vitamins and Immune System: An Overview

Riccioni, Graziano; D’Orazio, Nicolantonio; Menna, V.; Lorenzo, Antonino De

doi:10.1177/1721727x0300100202

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, our results confirm lipid abnormalities (including elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol levels and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels), documented in up to 60% of patients treated with protease inhibitors (29)(30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Metabolic Modifications in HIV-Infected Women

Vecchiet¹,

Falasca²,

Zingariello³

et al. 2004

Eur J Inflamm

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To assess metabolic alterations and/or abnormal fat distribution in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected women undergoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), a case-control study was carried out in a population of twenty-two HIV-infected, normal weight, non-diabetic, normotensive women. Twenty-five healthy non infected subjects matched for sex, age and Body Mass Index (BMI) were also included as a control group. Blood samples were collected for leptin and insulin measurements. Fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were also measured. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR). Body fat distribution was evaluated using waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) and abdominal CT-scan. Immunologic and virologic parameters included CD4- and CD8-T cell counts and HIV-RNA levels. HIV-infected patients showed higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (P<0.05), higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (P<0.001), lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (P<0.001) and serum leptin (P<0.001) than the control group. With regard to body fat distribution, no statistically significant difference between cases and controls was found. Among the control women leptin levels were positively correlated with body fat distribution parameters (P<0.001).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Metabolic Modifications in HIV-Infected Women

Vecchiet¹,

Falasca²,

Zingariello³

et al. 2004

Eur J Inflamm

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“…Additionally, we provide evidence that some macro-nutrients such as tryptophan, arginine, cholesterol and PUFAs may be involved in the prevention and therapy of some immune-related diseases. Also, is very important to note that some vitamins such as A and D are fat soluble ( 227 ). That is why when we consume fat-free (light) products, we are practically deprived of fat-soluble vitamins and the immune function can be affected.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between nutrition and the immune system

Munteanu

Schwartz

2022

Front. Nutr.

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Nutrition plays an essential role in the regulation of optimal immunological response, by providing adequate nutrients in sufficient concentrations to immune cells. There are a large number of micronutrients, such as minerals, and vitamins, as well as some macronutrients such as some amino acids, cholesterol and fatty acids demonstrated to exert a very important and specific impact on appropriate immune activity. This review aims to summarize at some extent the large amount of data accrued to date related to the modulation of immune function by certain micro and macronutrients and to emphasize their importance in maintaining human health. Thus, among many, some relevant case in point examples are brought and discussed: (1) The role of vitamin A/all-trans-retinoic-acids (ATRA) in acute promyelocytic leukemia, being this vitamin utilized as a very efficient therapeutic agent via effective modulation of the immune function (2) The involvement of vitamin C in the fight against tumor cells via the increase of the number of active NK cells. (3) The stimulation of apoptosis, the suppression of cancer cell proliferation, and delayed tumor development mediated by calcitriol/vitamin D by means of immunity regulation (4) The use of selenium as a cofactor to reach more effective immune response to COVID vaccination (5). The crucial role of cholesterol to regulate the immune function, which is demonstrated to be very sensitive to the variations of this macronutrient concentration. Other important examples are reviewed as well.

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“…Adipocytes can take up vitamin D 3 due to its lipid solubility and subsequently be stored in subcutaneous or omental fat for further use [21]. Ergosterol from plants and fungi is used as the commercial source of this vitamin [22,23]. Commercial vitamin supplementation is sometimes mixed with vitamin D 3 and vitamin D 2 .…”

Section: Sources Biochemical Characteristics and Mode Of Action Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and immunomodulation in the skin: a useful affirmative nexus

Samanta

2021

Explor Immunol

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Skin is the largest organ of the body having multifunctional activities. It has a dynamic cellular network with unique immunologic properties to maintain defensive actions, photoprotection, immune response, inflammation, tolerogenic capacity, wound healing, etc. The immune cells of the skin exhibit distinct properties. They can synthesize active vitamin D [1,24(OH)2D3] and express vitamin D receptors. Any difficulties in the cutaneous immune system cause skin diseases (psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, skin carcinoma, and others). Vitamin D is an essential factor, exhibits immunomodulatory effects by regulating dendritic cells’ maturation, lymphocytes’ functions, and cytokine production. More specifically, vitamin D acts as an immune balancing agent, inhibits the exaggeration of immunostimulation. This vitamin suppresses T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 cell formation decreases inflammatory cytokines release and promotes the maturation of regulatory T cells and interleukin 10 secretion. The deficiency of this vitamin promotes the occurrence of immunoreactive disorders. Administration of vitamin D or its analogs is the therapeutic choice for the treatment of several skin diseases.

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Fat Soluble Vitamins and Immune System: An Overview

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Metabolic Modifications in HIV-Infected Women

Metabolic Modifications in HIV-Infected Women

The relationship between nutrition and the immune system

Vitamin D and immunomodulation in the skin: a useful affirmative nexus

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