Fat-preferring rats consume more alcohol than carbohydrate-preferring rats

Krahn, Dean D.; Gosnell, Blake A.

doi:10.1016/0741-8329(91)90465-9

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ethanol thus seems to act on the dopaminergic system in the NAC shell both like a natural reward and like a drug of abuse. Furthermore, sucrose, saccharin, and fat taste and diet preferences are positively correlated with alcohol preference in animal and human studies (Gosnell and Krahn, 1992;Kampov-Polevoy et al, 1997;Krahn and Gosnell, 1991). Ethanol thus has two distinct components, one closely related to natural reward and one related to drugs of abuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Preference Influences the Subthalamic Nucleus Control on Motivation for Alcohol in Rats

Lardeux

Baunez

2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In addition to its role in motor and attentional processes, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has also been recently demonstrated to be involved in motivational function. Indeed, bilateral STN lesions modulate differentially the motivation for natural rewards and drugs of abuse, increasing motivation for food and decreasing motivation for cocaine in rats. Here, we show that in outbred rats, the STN can modulate the motivation for alcohol according to alcohol preference, without affecting alcohol intake. When performed on 'HighDrinker' rats, STN lesions enhanced the breaking point (BP) under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement and increased the time spent in the environment previously paired with alcohol access in the place preference paradigm. In contrast, when performed on 'Low-Drinker' rats, STN lesions decreased the BP and increased the time spent in the environment paired with water. These results show that STN lesions enhance the motivation for alcohol in rats showing a high alcohol preference, whereas they decrease it in rats showing a low preference for alcohol. These results suggest that the STN plays a complex role in the reward circuit, that is not limited to a dissociation between motivation for natural rewards and drugs of abuse, but takes other factors, such as alcohol preference, into account.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Preference Influences the Subthalamic Nucleus Control on Motivation for Alcohol in Rats

Lardeux

Baunez

2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to ethanol consumption stimulating caloric intake [104], there is accumulating evidence suggesting a close, positive relationship between the eating of fat and drinking of ethanol. In animal studies, rats maintained on a high-fat diet or exhibiting a preference for fat are found to consume more ethanol [105][106][107]. Further, clinical studies show that fat intake is elevated in ethanol drinkers, with bingeing on fat-rich foods associated with high rates of alcoholism [104,108].…”

Section: Positive Relation Of Dietary Fat To Ethanol Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Overconsumption of dietary fat and alcohol: Mechanisms involving lipids and hypothalamic peptides

Leibowitz

2007

Physiology & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The studies described in this report provide interesting animal models for exploring some of the metabolic and neural antecedents to the over-consumption of fat and alcohol. The results provide strong support for the existence of positive feedback loops that involve a close relation between circulating lipids and orexigenic peptides in dorsal regions of the hypothalamus. The peptides involved in these circuits include galanin, enkephalin, dynorphin and orexin. These peptides are expressed in the paraventricular nucleus and perifornical lateral hypothalamus, and they have very different functions from peptides expressed in the arcuate nucleus. Through mechanisms involving circulating lipids that rise on energy-dense diets, these peptides in the dorsal hypothalamus are each increased by the consumption of fat and ethanol; these nutrients, in turn, stimulate further production of these same peptides that promote overeating and excess drinking. These mechanisms involving non-homeostatic, positive feedback circuits may be required under conditions when food supplies are scarce and periods of gorging are essential to survival. However, they have pathological and sometimes life-threatening consequences in modern society, where fat-rich foods and alcoholic drinks are abundantly available and are contributing to the marked rise over the past 25 years in obesity and diabetes in both children and adults.

show abstract

“…In animal studies, rats maintained on a high-fat diet or exhibiting a preference for fat are found to consume more ethanol (Carrillo et al, 2004;Krahn and Gosnell, 1991;Pekkanen et al, 1978). Also, clinical studies show that fat intake is elevated in ethanol drinkers, with bingeing on fat-rich foods associated with high rates of alcoholism (Herbeth et al, 1988;Swinburn et al, 1998), and drinkers maintained on a fat-rich diet compared with a carbohydrate-rich diet exhibit shorter periods of ethanol abstinence (Forsander, 1998;Yung et al, 1983).…”

Section: Role Of Pvn Peptides In the Relationship Between Fat And Ethmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ethanol on Hypothalamic Opioid Peptides, Enkephalin, and Dynorphin: Relationship With Circulating Triglycerides

Chang

Karatayev

Ahsan

et al. 2007

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Recent evidence has demonstrated that ethanol intake can stimulate the expression and production of the feeding-stimulatory peptide, galanin (GAL), in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and that PVN injection of this peptide, in turn, can increase the consumption of ethanol. To test the hypothesis that other feeding-related systems are involved in ethanol intake, this study examined the effect of ethanol on the hypothalamic opioid peptides, enkephalin (ENK), and dynorphin (DYN).Method: Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to voluntarily drink increasing concentrations of ethanol, up to 9% v/v, on a 12-hour access schedule or were given a single injection of ethanol (10% v/v) versus saline vehicle. The effect of ethanol on GAL, ENK, and DYN mRNA was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and radiolabeled in situ hybridization, while radioimmunoassay was used to measure peptide levels. In addition to blood alcohol, circulating levels of triglycerides (TG), leptin, and insulin were also measured.Results: The data demonstrated that: (1) rats voluntarily drinking 9% v/v ethanol (approximately 2.0 g/kg/d) show a significant increase in GAL, ENK, and DYN mRNA in the PVN compared with water-drinking rats; (2) voluntary consumption of ethanol also increases peptide levels of ENK and DYN in the PVN; (3) acute injection of 10% ethanol (1.0 g/kg of 10% v/v) similarly increases the expression of GAL, ENK, and DYN in the PVN; and (4) ethanol consumption and injection, while having little effect on leptin and insulin, consistently increase circulating levels of TG as well as alcohol, both of which are strongly, positively correlated with peptide expression in the PVN.Conclusions: These findings, together with published studies, suggest a possible role for hypothalamic opioid peptides in the drinking of ethanol. Based on evidence that dietary fat and lipid injections stimulate the PVN peptides and injection of the opiates and GAL increase ethanol intake, it is proposed that both TG and alcohol in the circulation, which are elevated by the ingestion or injection of ethanol, are involved in stimulating these peptides in the PVN, which in turn promote further consumption of ethanol.

show abstract

Fat-preferring rats consume more alcohol than carbohydrate-preferring rats

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Alcohol Preference Influences the Subthalamic Nucleus Control on Motivation for Alcohol in Rats

Alcohol Preference Influences the Subthalamic Nucleus Control on Motivation for Alcohol in Rats

Overconsumption of dietary fat and alcohol: Mechanisms involving lipids and hypothalamic peptides

Effect of Ethanol on Hypothalamic Opioid Peptides, Enkephalin, and Dynorphin: Relationship With Circulating Triglycerides

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About