Fat mass predicts food-specific inhibitory control in children

Costa, Kell Grandjean da; Price, Menna; Bortolotti, Henrique; Rêgo, Maria Luíza de Medeiros; Cabral, Daniel Aranha Rêgo; Langer, Raquel David; Fernandes, G.; Elsangedy, Hassan Mohamed; Fontes, Eduardo Bodnariuc

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.031

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…22 One further paediatric study reported hypertension to be associated with lower attention, learning, and memory scores, 24 while others have reported no relationship between hypertension and inhibitory control task performance. 22,25 Taken together these studies suggest that MetS and its components are associated with impairments across a range of cognitive domains, with the most evidence of negative effects for obesity and insulin resistance. However, few studies have assessed other key components of MetS (e.g., waist circumference, hypertension, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides).…”

Section: General Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…However, another study of adolescents found no evidence for an association between waist circumference and Flanker performance 22 . One further paediatric study reported hypertension to be associated with lower attention, learning, and memory scores, 24 while others have reported no relationship between hypertension and inhibitory control task performance 22,25 …”

Section: General and Food‐related Cognition Differences In Paediatric...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome associations with cognition and the brain in youth: Current evidence and future directions

et al. 2023

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Summary Obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with differences in brain structure and function and in general and food‐related cognition in adults. Here, we review evidence for similar phenomena in children and adolescents, with a focus on the implications of extant research for possible underlying mechanisms and potential interventions for obesity and MetS in youth. Current evidence is limited by a relative reliance on small cross‐sectional studies. However, we find that youth with obesity and MetS or MetS components show differences in brain structure, including alterations in grey matter volume and cortical thickness across brain regions subserving reward, cognitive control and other functions, as well as in white matter integrity and volume. Children with obesity and MetS components also show some evidence for hyperresponsivity of food reward regions and hyporesponsivity of cognitive control circuits during food‐related tasks, altered brain responses to food tastes, and altered resting‐state connectivity including between cognitive control and reward processing networks. Potential mechanisms for these findings include neuroinflammation, impaired vascular reactivity, and effects of diet and obesity on myelination and dopamine function. Future observational research using longitudinal measures, improved sampling strategies and study designs, and rigorous statistical methods, promises to further illuminate dynamic relationships and causal mechanisms. Intervention studies targeted at modifiable biological and behavioural factors associated with paediatric obesity and MetS can further inform mechanisms, as well as test whether brain and behaviour can be altered for beneficial outcomes.

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Section: General Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: General and Food‐related Cognition Differences In Paediatric...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome associations with cognition and the brain in youth: Current evidence and future directions

et al. 2023

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“…Supporting this, findings in ADHD include failures to withhold a prepotent tendency to act or response inhibition (e.g., increased commission errors in a go/no‐go [GNG] task) and failures to efficiently direct attention (e.g., increased reaction time [RT] variability on a GNG task, particularly very prolonged RTs reflecting attention lapses) 16 . Obesity has also been associated with poorer CC task performance (e.g., poorer response inhibition, higher response variability) in a number of studies, 17 although several have suggested that effects that are specific to food‐adapted (vs. standard) versions of tasks including the GNG 18 and stop signal 19 . Studies investigating whether body weight is related to CC among children with ADHD have produced mixed results 7,10,12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobehavioral phenotypes of delay discounting and cognitive control in child attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity: Shared or distinct?

Thapaliya¹,

Carnell²,

Mostofsky

et al. 2023

Pediatric Obesity

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity have been independently associated with deficient cognitive control (CC) and heightened preference for immediate reward. Objectives: We aimed to identify specific shared and distinct neurobehavioral phenotypes of child obesity and ADHD by simultaneously measuring CC and preference for immediate reward in children with and without ADHD who varied in body weight. Methods: This case-control study included 323 8-12 year olds (ADHD n = 215, typically developing (TD) screened for ADHD symptoms [TD] controls n = 108) varying in body weight. Children completed a go/no-go task (assessing CC), as well as a classical money delay discounting (DD) task and novel experiential game time DD task (assessing preference for immediate over delayed rewards).Results: For game time DD, there was a body mass index z-score (BMIz)*ADHD interaction, such that TD children with overweight/obesity showed game time DD levels that were greater than those of TD children without overweight/obesity and similar to those of children with ADHD. Only children with ADHD showed poorer CC compared to TD children, with no effects of body weight.Conclusions: Heightened game time DD with delays and rewards experienced in real-time may represent a neurobehavioral phenotype that is shared between ADHD and overweight/obesity in childhood, whereas deficient CC may be specific to children with ADHD.

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“…faster reaction times or higher accurate responses) has been associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness and lower rates of mortality Bento‐Torres et al (2019), Gicas et al (2020). In contrast, overweight/obese individuals with poorer IC assessed by a Go/No‐go task with food cues were associated with unhealthy eating behavior Price, Lee, and Higgs (2005) and accumulated body fat da Costa et al (2019). Thus, enhancing IC can be an important strategy to promote a healthy lifestyle, especially in individuals who already have comorbidities such as excess body fat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 12 weeks of high‐intensity interval, moderate‐intensity continuous and self‐selected intensity exercise training protocols on cognitive inhibitory control in overweight/obese adults: A randomized trial

Oliveira

Elsangedy

Pereira

et al. 2021

European Journal of Sport Science

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Growing evidence shows that aerobic exercise improves cognitive function. However, it is unclear how exercising at different exercise intensities affects cognitive inhibitory control in overweight/ obese adults. Herein we compared the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), and self-selected intensity training (SSIT) on cognitive inhibitory control in overweight/obese adults. A total of 64 adults (59.4% women, 31.3 ± 7.1 years, 29 ± 2.5 kg/m²) were randomized into three walking/running groups: HIIT, MICT and SSIT. All groups performed three exercise sessions per week on an outdoor running track for 12 weeks. Cognitive inhibitory control was assessed at baseline and after the exercising programs using a computerized version of the Stroop Color-Words test. The HIIT and SSIT resulted in a faster Stroop effect (i.e. enhanced performance) when compared to MICT (p=.018; p= .026), however, there were no significant differences between the HIIT and SSIT groups (p> .05). The enhanced Stroop effect was correlated with increases in cardiorespiratory fitness after HIIT (r= −.521, p= .018) and decreases in body fat after MICT (r= .671, p= .001). These findings may suggest that overweight/obese adults performing exercise interventions at higher intensities or self-selected intensity may enhance their cognitive ability to inhibit automated behavioral responses.

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Fat mass predicts food-specific inhibitory control in children

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

Paediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome associations with cognition and the brain in youth: Current evidence and future directions

Paediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome associations with cognition and the brain in youth: Current evidence and future directions

Neurobehavioral phenotypes of delay discounting and cognitive control in child attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity: Shared or distinct?

Effects of 12 weeks of high‐intensity interval, moderate‐intensity continuous and self‐selected intensity exercise training protocols on cognitive inhibitory control in overweight/obese adults: A randomized trial

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