Fat-free mass and maturity status are determinants of physical fitness performance in schoolchildren and adolescents

Pezoa-Fuentes, Paz; Bolaños, Marco Antonio Cossio; Urra-Albornoz, Camilo; Alvear-Vasquez, Fernando; Lázari, Evandro; Urzua-Alul, Luis; Campos, Luis Felipe Castelli Correia de; Campos, Rossana Gómez

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2022.03.007

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As for excess body fat, musculoskeletal strength and cardiorespiratory fitness are impaired in children/adolescents with obesity compared to their normal-weight counterparts [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], with reduced physical efficiency and physical activity, poorer scores in the physical and psychological domains of quality of life, and altered cardiometabolic parameters in later life [ 17 , 18 ]. Surprisingly, in the general pediatric population, there are limited studies focusing on the relationships between musculoskeletal strength/cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition (another component of HRF); for instance, muscle strength has been related to the FFM [ 7 , 8 ] and also to the BIA-derived PhA [ 7 , 25 ], which is thought to be a proxy index of the BCM and the ratio between the ECW and TBW. In children/adolescents with excess body fat, muscle strength has been directly associated with maturity status and the FFM [ 22 , 23 ], and it has been negatively associated with the %BF and abdominal obesity [ 11 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SBJ is frequently included in fitness batteries for youths as a measure of the explosive power of the lower limbs [ 5 ]. The relationships between the SBJ and body composition have previously been evaluated by few papers regarding healthy children/adolescents or those practicing sports, which have shown a positive association with the FFM and a negative association with the BMI Z-score, WHR, and %BF [ 8 , 10 , 11 ]. In addition, the SBJ is lower in children/adolescents with obesity compared to their normal-weight counterparts, once again with a positive relationship with the FFM and a negative one with the %BF [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the general pediatric population, fat-free mass (FFM) is a positive determinant of muscle strength [ 7 , 8 ], while an inverse association is observed between muscle strength and body mass index (BMI, as an absolute value or a Z-score) as well as waist circumference (WC) [ 2 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. HRF is impaired in children/adolescents with obesity compared to their normal-weight counterparts [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] along with reduced physical activity and poorer scores in the physical aspects of quality of life, and it is associated with lower cardiometabolic parameters in later life [ 13 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis-Derived Phase Angle and Body Composition Are Predictors of Health-Related Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Ballarin

Licenziati

Alicante³

et al. 2022

Children

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There is little evidence in children and adolescents with obesity of the relationships between muscle strength/cardiorespiratory fitness (both components of health-related fitness = HRF) and body composition. Body composition and HRF were studied in 281 children and adolescents with obesity to explore their mutual relationship and to identify the predictors of HRF. By performing a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), the fat-free mass (FFM) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were calculated, and the phase angle (PhA) was recorded. Handgrip strength (HGS), the standard broad jump (SBJ), and five broad jumps (FIVEBJ) were considered for the assessment of muscle strength, and the six-minute walking distance (SIXMWD) for cardiorespiratory fitness. The BMI Z-score was slightly higher in boys, and the %BF was higher in girls, with no difference in the FFM. HGS, the SBJ, and FIVEBJ were greater in the male sex. After controlling for sex, HGS was associated with the FFM, and with height, weight, and absolute BMI. On the contrary, the SBJ and FIVEBJ were negatively associated with adiposity, with a weak relationship with the FFM. The SIXMWD was only poorly related to height, the BMI Z-score, and the waist-to-height ratio. These results were confirmed with a multiple regression analysis. HGS, the SBJ, and FIVEBJ were higher in the first compared to the third tertile of the PhA in both sexes. The PhA also remained a consistent predictor of HGS, the SBJ, and FIVEBJ in a multiple regression analysis. In conclusion, the following predictors have been identified for HRF: the FFM for the isometric strength of the upper limbs and adiposity indicators for the SBJ and FIVEBJ. The PhA emerged as a proxy index of muscle strength.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis-Derived Phase Angle and Body Composition Are Predictors of Health-Related Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Ballarin

Licenziati

Alicante³

et al. 2022

Children

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“…The body composition and distribution of materials and tissues differ signi cantly according to age and sex, and puberty [11]. During most of their childhood, the growth rates of boys and girls are similar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of characteristics of body composition of children and adolescents aged 3–17 years

Zhao

Gong

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background We aimed to analyze the characteristics of the body composition of children and adolescents aged 3–17 in Suzhou, China. Methods A cross-sectional study between January 2020 and June 2022 using bioelectrical impedance was conducted to determine the fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, and protein and mineral contents of 24,845 children aged 3–17 who attended the Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, China. Normally distributed data were expressed as mean ± SD, and groups were compared using the independent samples t-test. Results FM and fat-free mass increased with age in both boys and girls. The fat-free mass of girls aged 14–15 decreased after reaching a peak, and that of boys in the same age group was higher than that of the girls (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in FM between boys and girls younger than 9 years old. The percentage body fat (PBF) and FM index of girls increased rapidly between 11 and 15 years of age (p < 0.05), and those of boys aged 11–14 were significantly lower (p < 0.05), suggesting that the increase in body mass index (BMI) was mainly contributed by muscle mass (MS) in boys. Conclusions The body composition of children and adolescents varies according to their age and sex. A misdiagnosis of obesity made on the basis of BMI alone can be avoided if BMI is used in combination with FM index, percentage of body fat, and other indexes.

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“…Several studies examining physical fitness have been carried out by many researchers (Adhariah, 2018;Elshafey & Alsakhawi, 2022;Henning et al, 2022;Julianto, 2016;Krissanthy et al, 2020;Maden et al, 2022;Mulya, 2020;Munipiddin et al, 2018;Pezoa-Fuentes et al, 2022 , 2020). The study explains that physical fitness needs to be improved through sports activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Fitness Profile of Students in terms of Student Activities in Sports

Rizal

Subekti

Alzaid

2022

JCSS

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The fatigue experienced by junior high school (SMP) students while doing activities for a moment indicates that the students are not fit. Therefore, improving fitness to do more activities at a productive age is necessary. The purpose of this research was to determine the physical fitness profile of students in terms of sports activities. The quantitative description was the method of this research. The data collection technique used was the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test. The results showed that the fitness level of SMP Sekolah Alam Indonesia students was 0% in the excellent and good category, 31% in the medium category, 36% in the low category, and 33% in the poor category. The calculation obtained a significance value of more than 0.05, meaning the sample variance was normal. Thus, the hypothesis that the variance of the existing variables was the same was accepted. To determine whether there was a difference between sports activities and the fitness profile of SMP SAI students, the researchers performed the independent sample t-test on the data taken from the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test. The obtained significance value was 0.000 (less than 0.05). Therefore, it can be interpreted that there was a significant difference between the Fitness Profile of SMP SAI students and sports activities. In conclusion, the 8th-grade students of the school have not yet reached the good and excellent categories. The more active students are in exercising, the better their physical fitness level will be.

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Fat-free mass and maturity status are determinants of physical fitness performance in schoolchildren and adolescents

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis-Derived Phase Angle and Body Composition Are Predictors of Health-Related Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis-Derived Phase Angle and Body Composition Are Predictors of Health-Related Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Analysis of characteristics of body composition of children and adolescents aged 3–17 years

Physical Fitness Profile of Students in terms of Student Activities in Sports

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