Fat-enriched rather than high-fructose diets promote whitening of adipose tissue in a sex-dependent manner

Dobner, Jochen; Ress, Claudia; Rufinatscha, Kerstin; Salzmann, Karin; Salvenmoser, Willi; Folie, Sabrina; Wieser, Verena; Moser, Patrizia; Weiss, Guenter; Goebel, Georg; Tilg, Herbert; Kaser, Susanne

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.009

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Furthermore, estrogens protected female mice that underwent ovariectomy from adipocyte hypertrophy and from developing adipose tissue oxidative stress and inflammation (Stubbins et al, 2012). Our findings are in line with reports of a metabolically more active gonadal white adipose tissue of female mice compared to male mice that was characterized by enhanced lipolysis and recruitment of brown adipocytes (Dobner et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2016). Moreover, there is growing evidence for a role of mitochondria in pathologies with sex differences (Silkaitis and Lemos, 2014;Ventura-Clapier et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Gene-by-Sex Interactions in Mitochondrial Functions and Cardio-Metabolic Traits

et al. 2019

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Gene-by-Sex Interactions in Mitochondrial Functions and Cardio-Metabolic Traits

et al. 2019

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“…Male mice were fed an HFD, whereas females were fed a WD, resulting in more calories originating from carbohydrates (Supplementary Tables 6 and 7). Simply, this could underlie the differences observed between sexes (41). Further research on NNMT 2/2 mice is warranted to fully elucidate whether sex and/or the dietary nutrient content underlie the observed differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (Nnmt) Deficiency in Male Mice Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Diet-Induced Obesity but Does Not Affect Glucose Tolerance

et al. 2018

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Antisense oligonucleotide knockdown (ASO-KD) of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in high-fat diet (HFD)–fed mice has been reported to reduce weight gain and plasma insulin levels and to improve glucose tolerance. Using NNMT-ASO-KD or NNMT knockout mice (NNMT−/−), we tested the hypothesis that Nnmt deletion protects against diet-induced obesity and its metabolic consequences in males and females on obesity-inducing diets. We also examined samples from a human weight reduction (WR) study for adipose NNMT (aNNMT) expression and plasma 1-methylnicotinamide (MNAM) levels. In Western diet (WD)–fed female mice, NNMT-ASO-KD reduced body weight, fat mass, and insulin level and improved glucose tolerance. Although NNMT−/− mice fed a standard diet had no obvious phenotype, NNMT−/− males fed an HFD showed strongly improved insulin sensitivity (IS). Furthermore, NNMT−/− females fed a WD showed reduced weight gain, less fat, and lower insulin levels. However, no improved glucose tolerance was observed in NNMT−/− mice. Although NNMT expression in human fat biopsy samples increased during WR, corresponding plasma MNAM levels significantly declined, suggesting that other mechanisms besides aNNMT expression modulate circulating MNAM levels during WR. In summary, upon NNMT deletion or knockdown in males and females fed different obesity-inducing diets, we observed sex- and diet-specific differences in body composition, weight, and glucose tolerance and estimates of IS.

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“…[44,69] The same study conducted with males exposed to HFD, HFrD, or HFSD, during 10 weeks, suggests that HFD and HFSD exert more deleterious effects on body weight and insulin sensitivity than diets enriched with fructose. [44] Two studies, both performed by Schultz et al, using male C57BL/6 mice fed HFD (42% kcal from fat), HSD, HFrD, and HFFrD showed significant alterations in different parameters related to the MetS after 15 or 16 weeks of diet length. Although all diets demonstrated comparable alterations in metabolic parameters, only HFD and HFFrD groups have increased the body weight gain.…”

Section: Types Of Dietsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, even in this study, the weight gain was higher in males than females. [44] Marin et al showed that male C57BL/6 mice (3-4 week old) fed with a diet rich in lipids and carbohydrates (high fat and sucrose diet-HFSD) plus fructose/sucrose water, for 4, 8, 12, or 16 weeks, require a shorter exposure time to diet to alter the parameters related to the MetS, such as plasma lipids, abdominal fat, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR. In fact, at 16 weeks of diet length, females did not develop hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.…”

Section: Sex Of Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Diet‐Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rodents

Leonardi

Gosmann

Zimmer

2020

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Standardized animal models represent one of the most valuable tools available to understand the mechanism underlying the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to seek for new therapeutic strategies. However, there is considerable variability in the studies conducted with this essential purpose. This review presents an updated discussion of the most recent studies using diverse experimental conditions to induce MetS in rodents with unbalanced diets, discusses the key findings in metabolic outcomes, and critically evaluates what we have been learned from them and how to advance in the field. The study includes scientific reports sourced from the Web of Science and PubMed databases, published between January 2013 and June 2020, which used hypercaloric diets to induce metabolic disorders, and address the impact of the diet on metabolic parameters. The collected data are used as support to discuss variables such as sex, species, and age of the animals, the most favorable type of diet, and the ideal diet length to generate metabolic changes. The experimental characteristics propose herein improve the performance of a preclinical model that resembles the human MetS and will guide researchers to investigate new therapeutic alternatives with confidence and higher translational validity.

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Fat-enriched rather than high-fructose diets promote whitening of adipose tissue in a sex-dependent manner

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Gene-by-Sex Interactions in Mitochondrial Functions and Cardio-Metabolic Traits

Gene-by-Sex Interactions in Mitochondrial Functions and Cardio-Metabolic Traits

Genetic Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (Nnmt) Deficiency in Male Mice Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Diet-Induced Obesity but Does Not Affect Glucose Tolerance

Modeling Diet‐Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rodents

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