Fat Distribution in Swine as Influenced by Liveweight, Breed, Sex and Ration

Richmond, R. J.; Berg, R. T.

doi:10.4141/cjas71-068

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Current estimates of the coefficients with carcass or side weight as the independent variable range from 0-65 to 0-92 for bone, from 0-85 to 1-07 for muscle and from 1-13 to 1-80 for fat. They also support related observations on pigs concerning the proportionate growth of muscle plus bone in the hind limbs and of the whole carcass (Elsley et al, 1964) and the changes with age in the distribution of tissues throughout the carcass (Doornenbahl, 1971 and1972;Richmond and Berg, 1971b, 1971c. The comparatively large standard errors and residual standard deviations associated with the growth coefficients for fat, irrespective of the independent variable taken, support the view (Fowler and Livingstone, 1972;Davies, 1974a) that fat deposition is not as closely related to either body, carcass or muscle plus bone weight as are muscle or bone growth.…”

Section: Growth Of Bone Muscle and Fatsupporting

confidence: 87%

Tissue growth in the pig

et al. 1976

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Growth coefficients were determined for muscle, bone and fat in the side and in the ham, for six muscles of the ham, and for the femur, using data obtained from the dissection of 66 carcasses of female pigs weighing from 25 to 65 kg live weight. Irrespective of the independent variable taken for regression, the coefficients showed bone in the side to be earlier developing than muscle, which in turn was earlier than fat. There is good agreement between these coefficients and corresponding values reported for cattle, sheep and pigs. There was little evidence that the ham as a whole or its muscle, bone and fat components grew disproportionately to the corresponding components of the whole side. The growth coefficients of the six muscles of the ham agreed closely with those reported for cattle, sheep and pigs with the exception of that for the m. adductor, which was lower. The combined weights of the m. biceps femoris and m. adductor were related almost as closely to the weight of muscle in the side as was the weight of total muscle in the ham. Of the six muscles taken individually the weight of the m. biceps femoris was most closely related to muscle in the side.

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Section: Growth Of Bone Muscle and Fatsupporting

confidence: 87%

Tissue growth in the pig

et al. 1976

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“…At higher body weights, nutritional differences in fat partitioning are not apparent, when compared at the same total fat content. The mean differences in fat partitioning demonstrated by Richmond & Berg (1971) over the live-weight range of 23-114 kg were small, both when females and castrated males were compared, and when the digestible energy and protein proportion of the diet were increased by about one third. If fat partitioning is affected by extreme nutritional differences, this may be most pronounced over the most rapid phase of postnatal multiplicative growth.…”

Section: The Partitioning Of Carcass Fatmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…His arithmetic ratios suggest that the growth of intermuscular fat is greater than subcutaneous fat, relative to total fat, although this is not evident when his data are re-analysed allometrically. The arithmetic ratios of Richmond & Berg (1971) indicate the opposite trend; subcutaneous fat increases and intermuscular fat decreases relative to total fat, in pigs of mixed breed and sex between 23 and 114 kg live weight. This trend is also apparent upon allometric reanalysis of their data.…”

Section: The Partitioning Of Carcass Fatmentioning

confidence: 92%

Growth changes in the distribution of dissectable and intramuscular fat in pigs

Davies

Pryor

1977

J. Agric. Sci.

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The subcutaneous, intermuscular and cavity fat depots of the half carcasses of 15 Large White x Landrace castrated male pigs, forming a growth series from 8 to 62 kg live weight, were dissected. Seventy individual muscles of these pigs were analysed for intramuscular fat content. The growth rates of each of the four fat depots, relative to total fat, were similar. Subcutaneous fat was the predominant fat depot over the growth range studied. Both intramuscular fat and non-fat dry matter grew faster than the entire muscles containing them. Growth gradients for the intramuscular fat of muscle groups, relative to either total intramuscular fat or to total fat, were similar to those for the entire muscles. The growth gradients for muscle groups were affected by neither the growth of the contained intramuscular fat nor the contained non-fat dry matter. Intramuscular fat density, but not non-fat dry-matter density, varied throughout the carcass. The fat content of muscles was highest in those that could be useful as subcutaneous insulators.

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“…The present study confirms this trend for each sex (Table 5). However, Richmond & Berg (1971), using a total of 92 pigs from Yorkshire sows mated to Duroc, Hampshire and Yorkshire boars, described a nutritional effect on fat partitioning that is opposite to the above. Their pigs were compared at different total fat weights, but since subcutaneous fat grows faster than intermuscular fat (Davies & Kallweit, 1979), this does not explain why they found relatively more intermuscular fat in faster growing pigs.…”

Section: The Proportion Partitioning and Distribution Of Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carcass composition of male, castrated male and female pigs resulting from two levels of feeding

1980

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An anatomical study compared the effects of sex and a twofold nutritional difference in growth rate between 20 and 100 kg live weight, on 63 entire males, castrated male and female Large White x Landrace pigs. While the effect of growth rate was significant for overall fat deposition in the carcasses of all three sexes, it was greatest for the entire male. In contrast, sex and nutritional effects on the distribution of fat and on the proportion and distribution of muscle and bone were small.

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Fat Distribution in Swine as Influenced by Liveweight, Breed, Sex and Ration

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Tissue growth in the pig

Tissue growth in the pig

Growth changes in the distribution of dissectable and intramuscular fat in pigs

The carcass composition of male, castrated male and female pigs resulting from two levels of feeding

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