Fat and oil products in urethane polymers

Nagakura, Minoru

doi:10.1016/0300-9440(77)80003-9

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 71 publications

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“…The diol of linseed fatty amide is prepared via aminolysis of linseed oil with diethanolamine using NaOCH 3 as the catalyst (35). Transesterification of different vegetable oils with glycerol, trimethylol propane, and ethylene glycols are reported, among which trimethylol propane provides the best results if the reaction can be carried out at 120°C in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid as the catalyst (36). The transesterification of castor oil with methanol or ethanol by microwave irradiation at 60°C for 3 h is also reported in the literature (37).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐Based Hyperbranched Polyurethane Nanocomposites

Karak

2015

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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BIO-BASED HYPERBRANCHED POLYURETHANE NANOCOMPOSITESadjusting the ratio of isocyanate (-NCO) to hydroxyl (-OH) functionality and the chemical composition in the final structure of the polyurethane, different types of polymeric products like thermosetting resin and elastomer as well as thermoplastic and fiber can be obtained (3). In all such polyurethanes, the main linkage, urethane (-NH-C(=O) -O-) is a unique combination of rigid amide (-NH-C=O), which has a tendency to donate proton, and a flexible ester (-O-C=O) group, which has a tendency to accept proton. Further flexibility arises from the flexible soft segment and long hydrocarbon part of fatty acid chains of the vegetable oil component present in the bio-based segmented polyurethanes. Moreover, they are biodegradable and biocompatible. All these unique features of bio-based polyurethanes widen their applications in the domains of coating, paint, adhesive, sealant, composite, biomaterial, smart material, and so on.Again, incorporation of branching in the polymer structure greatly influences the processing and properties of the branched polymer. Thus hyperbranched polymers are treated as macromolecules for 21st century. These hyperbranched polymers are one type of dendritic polymers ( Fig. 1), where the other type is a perfectly regular structure with a three-dimensional architecture, known as a dendrimer (4). However, hyperbranched polymers are preferred in most of the industrial applications over multistep laborious synthesized dendrimers because of easier and simpler one-step synthetic protocol of the former as they can accommodate some defects in their structures. Thus mass-scale industrial production at relatively low cost is possible for hyperbranched polymers like conventional linear polymers. However, hyperbranched polymers enjoy many advantages over linear polymers (Fig. 1). These include a unique three-dimensional structural architecture with dendritic, linear, and terminal units, the presence of a large number of freely exposed surface groups, low polydispersity index, low viscosity, high solubility, high compatibility with other materials, etc. Therefore, bio-based hyperbranched polyurethanes are preferred as superior materials over their conventional analogs for different advanced applications.However, "virginity is not a virtue" in case of polymer, whatsoever the structural architecture is! Thus bio-based hyperbranched polyurethanes also require to be adulterated by incorporation of appropriate additives or ingredients. It is pertinent to mention here that most of the vegetable oil-based hyperbranched polyurethanes do not have required mechanical strength and toughness, although they possess very good flexibility. In this vein, conventional filled and composite systems are widely used, although both the approaches suffer from serious drawbacks, as a huge amount of additive(s) is necessary to be incorporated to achieve the desired level of performance of the stated polyurethanes. Most importantly, the resultant products lost most of the central a...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐Based Hyperbranched Polyurethane Nanocomposites

Karak

2015

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Fettchemische und petrochemische Rohstoffe ‐ Gegensatz oder Ergänzung?

Stein

1982

Fette, Seifen, Anstrichm.

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Produkte der Fettchemie finden weiteste Anwendung in allen Zweigen von Industrie und Handwerk. Die Anwendungsgebiete werden bestimmt von der Art der Fettsäuren, die als Rohstoff verfügbar sind. Es wird gezeigt, daß die C18‐Kettenlänge vorherrschend ist. Die häufigsten Fettsäuren sind Öl‐und Linolsäure. Die für die größten Anwendungsgebiete so wichtige Laurinsäure stellt einen nur geringen Anteil am Welt‐Fettangebot. Aus der relativen Einförmigkeit des Fettsäurespektrums der Naturfette wird die Hinwendung zu Rohstoffalternativen begründet Darüber hinaus ergab sich aus der Sonderstellung des Kokosöls ein wirtschaftlicher Anreiz. Es wird eine Übersicht gegeben über verschiedene Herstellmöglichkeiten und Verfahren für Produkte der Fettchemie, die von fettchemischen und petrochemischen Rohstoffen ausgehen. Die weitere Entwicklung läßt erwarten, daß die landwirtschaftliche Öl‐ und Fettproduktion wesentliche Verbesserungen erfährt, sowohl durch Ertragssteigerung als auch durch züchterische Veränderungen der Fette. Langfristig kann angenommen werden, daß das Angebot an Naturfetten nicht nur vergrößert, sondern auch durch neue Fettsäurezusammensetzungen verbreitert wird. Petrochemische Verfahren können auch in Zukunft gute Chancen haben. Fettchemische und petrochemische Rohstoffe können sich gut ergänzen und damit die Palette fettchemischer Produkte bereichern.

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