Fat Absorption by Germ-Free Chicks

Boyd, Frank M.; Edwards, H. M.

doi:10.3382/ps.0461481

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Carlson and Bayley (1972) also reported that this dramatic increase of stearic acid in the feces occurred in conventional but not in germ-free pigs. A similar response was observed in chicks (Boyd and Edwards, 1967). indicating that microflora have a marked effect on the pattern of fatty acids found in the feces.…”

Section: Dlscusslonsupporting

confidence: 75%

Effect of fat sources and combinations on starter pig performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology.

Thaler

Nelssen

et al. 1990

Journal of Animal Science

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Three growth trials and one digestion trial were conducted to compare the effect of dietary fat sources and combinations on starter pig performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology. Growth trials 1 and 2, utilizing a total of 324 weanling pigs (21 +/- 3 d), were conducted to determine the influence of addition of soybean oil, coconut oil, choice white grease, 50% soybean oil: 50% coconut oil or 50% choice white grease: 50% coconut oil on starter pig performance. Diets were supplemented with 10% fat for the first 2 wk of the study and with 5% for the final 3 wk. The third growth trial, utilizing a total of 210 weanling pigs, was conducted to evaluate the effects of addition of soybean oil, coconut oil, 50% soybean oil: 50% coconut oil, 75% soybean oil: 25% coconut oil or 25% soybean oil: 75% coconut oil on starter pig performance and nutrient digestibility. Average daily gain and feed/gain were not changed during wk 0 to 2, but they were improved from 3 to 5 wk postweaning when fat was added to the diets. The combination of 50% soybean oil and 50% coconut oil resulted in higher ADG than the other fat combinations. A digestion trial utilizing 24 weanling pigs (21 +/- 3 d) was conducted to evaluate the effects of soybean oil, coconut oil, or combination of soybean oil and coconut oil on morphology of the small intestine and ileal and total tract apparent digestibilities of individual fatty acids, total fatty acids, N, DM and GE from d 5 to 8 postweaning. Pigs fed the combination of soybean oil and coconut oil tended to have increased (P less than .08) villus height compared with pigs fed soybean oil or coconut oil alone. Micrographs revealed intestinal morphology with long, round villi when this combination of oils was fed. These trials demonstrated that a combination of soybean oil and coconut oil improved (P less than .05) pig growth performance over coconut oil alone or with added choice white grease and tended to improve (P less than .12) ileal digestibility of medium-chain fatty acids (less than or equal to 14 C) compared to diets without added fat or containing soybean oil or coconut oil alone.

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Section: Dlscusslonsupporting

confidence: 75%

Effect of fat sources and combinations on starter pig performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology.

Thaler

Nelssen

et al. 1990

Journal of Animal Science

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“…A reduction in intestinal weight as a result of feeding antibiotics has been consistently noted (Pepper et al, 1953;Jukes, 1955;Coates et al, 1955;Jukes et al, 1956) and is considered to be one of the mechanisms by which nutrient absorption is improved with antibiotic therapy (Eyssen and De Somer, 1963;Boyd and Edwards, 1967;Ford and Coates, 1971;Johnston and Arscott, 1974). Intestinal weights were not examined in the present study but may have been responsible for much of the difference in dressing percentage, as suggested by Woodward et al (1988).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Effects of Different Antibiotics on Performance, Processing Characteristics, and Parts Yield of Broiler Chickens

et al. 1990

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Broilers were grown to 49 days of age on diets supplemented with bambermycins (BAM, 2.2 ppm), bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD, 27.5 ppm), virginiamycin (VM, 11 ppm), or an unmedicated control. Samples of birds were processed for dressing percentage and parts yield. There were no significant (P greater than .05) effects of antibiotics on final body weight, feed conversion, or mortality. In male broilers, BMD and VM significantly (P less than or equal to .05) increased dressing percentage and percentage yield and reduced the skeletal rack as a percentage of postchill weight compared to those fed the nonmedicated control. All antibiotics significantly increased breast skin weight and breast skin as a percentage of postchill weight of as compared with those fed the unmedicated control. In female broilers, BAM and BMD significantly increased dressing percentage and percentage yield and increased breast weight and breast as percentage of postchill weight as compared with those fed the unmedicated control diet. Females fed BMD also had significantly heavier leg quarters and breast skin than those fed the unmediated control. Females fed VM had increased breast skin weight and breast skin as a percentage of postchill weight than those fed the unmedicated control. The results of the present study indicate that antibiotics may influence dressing percentage and parts yield in the absence of improvements in body weight gain or feed utilization.

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“…It could be argued from the results of the present experiment that the energy utilisation of meal-fed chicks is improved by the presence of gut microflora. The difference in the ME value of the diets given to the GF and CV chicks was lessened as the dietary energy content increased, because the gut microflora reduce fat absorption (Boyd and Edwards, 1967) and the CV birds can obtain a small amount of energy from the dietary fibre (Hegde et al, 1982). The AED contained more fibre and less fat than the HED.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of energy intake on growth and utilisation of dietary protein and energy in germ‐free and conventional chicks

Furuse

Yokota

Tasaki

1985

British Poultry Science

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The effect of metabolisable energy (ME) intake on the growth and utilisation of dietary protein and energy in germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) chicks was investigated in two experiments. In experiment 1 a high energy diet (HED, 14.8 kJ ME/g) and a marginally-adequate energy diet (AED, 11.7 kJ ME/g) were fed to the GF and CV chicks at 240 g/2 birds/10 d. In experiment 2 a diet with 13.7 kJ ME/g was fed at 118 g (low level, LL) or 128 g (high level, HL)/bird/10 d. Body weight gain, protein retention and protein retention rate were similar in GF and CV chicks on both AED and HED in the first experiment, but in the second were higher in GF than in CV chicks. The increased ME intake of the CV chicks in experiment 2 may be too small to compensate for the increased requirement. ME intake was significantly higher in the CV chicks than in the GF chicks, whereas energy retention was similar in both groups.

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Fat Absorption by Germ-Free Chicks

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of fat sources and combinations on starter pig performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology.

Effect of fat sources and combinations on starter pig performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology.

Effects of Different Antibiotics on Performance, Processing Characteristics, and Parts Yield of Broiler Chickens

Influence of energy intake on growth and utilisation of dietary protein and energy in germ‐free and conventional chicks

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