“…Given the significant Russian-speaking population and the ever-growing level of Internet penetration, texts published by Russian-speaking users on social networks are attracting more and more attention from researchers. As a result, every year new works appear both in the classical analysis of the sentiment of Russian-language content ( e.g ., Araslanov, Komotskiy & Agbozo, 2020 ; Kanev et al, 2022 ; Kausar, Soosaimanickam & Nasar, 2021 ) and in related areas, such as the identification of emotions ( e.g ., Babii, Kazyulina & Malafeev, 2020 ; Kazyulina, Babii & Malafeev, 2020 ; Babii, Kazyulina & Malafeev, 2021 ), toxicity and hate speech detection ( e.g ., Zueva, Kabirova & Kalaidin, 2020 ; Pronoza et al, 2021 ; Smetanin & Komarov, 2021b ), and inappropriate language identification ( e.g ., Babakov et al, 2021 ; Babakov, Logacheva & Panchenko, 2022 ).…”