Fasting Versus Non-Fasting Lipid Levels - Influence of Normal Food Intake on Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Apolipoproteins

Examining confounding by diet in the association between perfluoroalkyl acids and serum cholesterol in pregnancy

“…Previous studies have suggested that some PFAAs may be associated with HDL rather than LDL cholesterol (Chateau- Degat et al, 2010;Starling et al, 2014) but this could not be verified in our study. However, total cholesterol is still a strong predictor for cardiovascular disease risk and the LDL fraction accounts for around 60-70% of the total cholesterol (Langsted et al, 2008). The cross sectional nature of our study limits conclusion on causality and although confounding by diet could be explored in some detail, the role of other unmeasured confounders cannot be excluded.…”

Lipid Management in High Risk Coronary Patients: How Effective are We at Secondary Intervention?

“…mmol/L and fasting status was recorded. All HDL-C assays were included irrespective of fasting status (as directly measured HDL-C changes only minimally in response to normal food intake) [11,12] whilst only fasting measurements for total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides were analysed. LDL cholesterol was further filtered to exclude values for which the corresponding triglyceride level exceeded 4.52 mmol/L in accordance with the Friedewald equation [13].…”

The role of ruminant trans fat as a potential nutraceutical in the prevention of cardiovascular disease

“…chylomicron remnants (CM-r)] (Proctor, Vine, & Mamo, 2002). In a number of large-scale cohort studies, the literature also documents that in addition to hypercholesterolemia, fasting and non-fasting plasma TG concentrations act as independent predictors of CHD incidence, and are positively correlated with end-stage myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease and related death (Bansal et al, 2007;Freiberg, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Jensen, & Nordestgaard, 2008;Langsted, Freiberg, & Nordestgaard, 2008).…”